H2O        +            CO2           sunlight & chlorophyll                   (CH2O)6            +                O2              +            H2O                                                                                                    Energy         (CH2O)6              +              O2                                H2O            +                CO2              +                   a.  Heat                                                                                                                                                                                                                              b.  ATP

Materials used: Chromatography paper, pencil, Chromatography fluid, toothpick, spinach leaf pigments, capillary tube, aluminum foil geranium leaf, scissors, beaker, water, spatula test tube, alcohol, hot plate, test tube holder, petri plate, paper towel, iodine, guard cell slide.

Procedure:
1st I drew a line on the base of a piece of Chromatography paper, and folded it at the top.

2nd I placed a few drops of pigment from spinach leaves on the line that I previously drawn, then I placed the chromatography paper into chromatography solution. (Just allowing the base to touch the bottom of the beaker).

3rd I let the chromatography paper sit in the solution for 20 minutes, after the time was up. The drops of pigment on the paper had been separated into three different shades of yellow and green.

4th We divided the class into 6 groups each group was given a leaf, each leaf contained one section that had been covered by piece of tin foil for 24 hours.

5th We removed the tin foil from the leaves and placed the leaf in boiling water.

6th After about 5 minutes we removed the leaf and placed it in a test tube of cool alcohol solution, the test tube was then placed in the beaker of boiling water, until the leaf turned a pale white color.

7th I placed the leaf in a petri dish and added iodine to the dish. Then I waited about 5 minutes.

8th I removed the leaf from the iodine and observed it closely. I noticed that the part of the leaf that had been covered by the tin foil was a lighter color than the rest of the leaf.

9th I filled a beaker half full of barium hydroxide, which had been mixed with water (barium hydroxide chemically reacts with to CO2 molecules).

10th I placed two straws into the barium hydroxide solution

11th My lab partner and I blew in to the straws for 20 seconds then the barium hydroxide solution changed from a light blue color to light green.

12th I recorded the amount of time that it took for the solution to change from blue to green. And I concluded that the color change was due to the interaction between the barium hydroxide and the CO2.

13th I packed ice around a sealed jar-style respirometer. The boom of the jar contained a metallic grid, which was situated on a plastic saucer.

14th I filled the plastic saucer with a soda lime solution (soda lime traps CO2 molecules).

15th I weighed and then placed a mouse into the jar and sealed it with petroleum jelly.

16th I placed a drop of water in the tube, which was attached to the respirometer (the water was placed in a tube, which had been calibrated in mL).

17th I recorded the amount of movement as the water progressed in thirty- second intervals.

18th I gathered all of the data which I had received and created a chart to display the respiration rate.

19th I viewed guard cells under the microscope.
 
 
 

Results:

Where was starch present? It was present in the parts of the leaf, which had received sunlight.

What was the effect of the light (& dark) on the amount of starch produced?When part of the leaf produced allot of starch it became very dark and when a part of the leaf produced very little starch it was lighter in color.

Which mouse had the fastest rate of O2 uptake? The mouse on ice.

Why did the mouse's rate of oxygen use increase in the ice bath? Because it was using more energy and oxygen to stay harm.

If the organisms were alive, but water failed to move along the tube, what could have been wrong (or overlooked) in the set up? The tube or the jar could have been leaking air.

Is respiratory rate as measured here the same thing as metabolic rate? No, because the mouse on ice had a lower metabolic rate and a higher respiratory rate

Though we did not set one up, what would serve as a control for comparison to our respirometer trials? A mouse's regular respiration rate without ice.

Which bottle of Barium Hydroxide solution ended up with the deepest layer of precipitate? Why? The bottle that was on ice because the mouse on ice respired more.

What % of normal air is CO2? .03%

Are there any organisms which do not undergo cellular respiration? No

     In the experiment with the tin foil and the leaf I was able to see how the part of the leaf that was covered with tin foil lacked the dark color of the rest of the leaf. This is because when a leaf is not receiving sunlight It feeds on glucose or starches; they can only do this for 24 to 48 hours. So the part of the leaf that had been covered by the tin foil had already used most of its glucose. This explains how the part of the leaf covered by the foil to have less starch, which explains why the part leaf when introduced to iodine did not change to a dark color.  Even after being boiled in alcohol and placed in iodine solution.
     During the experiment with carbon dioxide and the blue liquid barium hydroxide, I was able to watch the blue liquid change colors. After blowing through the straw for about fifteen seconds the barium hydroxide turned green after. In our first attempt to perform the mouse respiration rate exercise was unsuccessful because of small amounts of air leaking from some where in my connection of tube and a glass jar. After fixing the problem with some petroleum jelly I was able to get accurate reading of the mouse’s respiration rate in less that 3 minutes. The results I gathered are seen in the chart below.
 
 

                                                                     (O2 consumption per minute)

                                                         mL of oxygen used in the 3.5 minute run         =          .22

                                                                 16.25 (weight of mouse in grams)
 

Conclusion: By performing these lab exercises. I was able to gain a better understanding of the effect photosynthesis and respiration, have on plants and animals. I also gained first hand knowledge of the respiration rate of a mouse and how the temperature plays a vital role in the respiration rate that any animal maintains.