There are
64.5 Million Chinese Communist Party (CCP) members (5.2% of the population).Party Structure
There are
64.5 Million Chinese Communist Party (CCP) members (5.2% of the population).
Theoretically, the party's highest body is the National Party Congress (NCP), which meets every 5 years. The NPC selects the Central Committee, which in turn, selects the Politburo.
The primary organs of power in the Communist Party include:
State Structure
The Chinese Government has always been subordinate to the Chinese Communist Party (CCP); its role is to implement party policies. The primary organs of state power are the National People's Congress (NPC), the President, and the State Council. Members of the State Council include Premier Zhu Rongji, a variable number of vice premiers (currently four), five state councilors (protocol equal of vice premiers but with narrower portfolios), and 29 ministers and heads of State Council commissions.
Under the Chinese Constitution, the NPC is the highest organ of state power in China, however, it is generally considered to be a rubber-stamp congress. It meets annually for about 2 weeks to review and approve major new policy directions, laws, the budget, and major personnel changes. These initiatives are presented to the NPC for consideration by the State Council after previous endorsement by the Communist Party's Central Committee. Although the NPC generally approves State Council policy and personnel recommendations, various NPC committees hold active debate in closed sessions, and changes may be made to accommodate alternate views.
In actuality, the majority of power in China rests with the Premier, Vice-Premier, and the Politburo Standing Committee. Traditionally, retired leaders are consulted on major issues and hold a great deal of say over decisions. Deng Xiao Ping created the precedent of stepping down from all official posts except the Chairman of the Military Commission, while still retaining power behind the scenes.
Politburo Standing Committee Members Since 1956
Mao Ze Dong, Zhou En Lai, Zhu Di, Liu Shao Qi & Chen
Yun, were effectively members prior to the first standing committee at the 8th
Congress.
|
NAME |
NATIONAL PARTY CONGRESSES |
|||||||
|
8th |
9th |
10th |
11th |
12th |
13th |
14th |
15th |
|
|
Chen Boda |
|
X |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Chen Yun |
X |
|
|
|
X |
|
|
|
|
Deng Xiaoping |
X |
|
|
X |
X |
|
|
|
|
Dong Biwu |
|
|
X |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hu Jintao |
|
|
|
|
|
|
X |
X |
|
Hu Qili |
|
|
|
|
|
X |
|
|
|
Hu Yaobang |
|
|
|
|
X |
|
|
|
|
Hua Guofeng |
|
|
|
X |
|
|
|
|
|
Jiang Zemin |
|
|
|
|
|
|
X |
X |
|
Kang Sheng |
|
X |
X |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Li Desheng |
|
|
X |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Li Lanqing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
X |
|
Li Peng |
|
|
|
|
|
X |
X |
X |
|
Li Ruihuan |
|
|
|
|
|
|
X |
X |
|
Li Xiannian |
|
|
|
X |
X |
|
|
|
|
Lin Biao |
X |
X |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liu Huaqing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
X |
|
|
Liu Shaoqi |
X |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mao Zedong |
X |
X |
X |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Qiao Shi |
|
|
|
|
|
X |
X |
|
|
Wang Dongxing |
|
|
|
X |
|
|
|
|
|
Wang Hongwen |
|
|
X |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Wei Jianxing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
X |
|
Yao Yilin |
|
|
|
|
|
X |
|
|
|
Ye Jianying |
|
|
X |
X |
X |
|
|
|
|
Zhang Chunqiao |
|
|
X |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Zhao Ziyang |
|
|
|
|
X |
X |
|
|
|
Zhou Enlai |
X |
X |
X |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Zhu De |
X |
|
X |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Zhu Rongji |
|
|
|
|
|
|
X |
X |
State Council
The State Council, the Central People’s Government, is the highest state administrative body. The State Council carries out the laws enacted and decisions adopted by the NPC and its Standing Committee. The State Council is responsible to the NPC and its Standing Committee, and reports to them on its work. The State Council exercises the following functions and powers: in accordance with the Constitution and statutes, formulates administrative measures, enacts administrative regulations, promulgates decisions and orders; exercises unified leadership over the work of the ministries and commissions and the work of other organizations under its jurisdiction; exercises unified leadership over the work of local state administrative bodies at different levels throughout the country; draws up and implements national economic and social development plans, and the state budget; directs and administers economic work, urban and rural development, and work in education, science, culture, public health, physical culture and family planning; directs and administers civil affairs, public security, judicial administration and supervision, as well as national defense construction; manages foreign affairs and concludes treaties and agreements with foreign states; and in accordance with the law, appoints, removes and trains administrative officers, appraises their work, and rewards or penalizes them. The State Council is composed of the premier, vice-premiers, state councillors, the heads of the various ministries and commissions, the auditor-general and the secretary-general. The organizational structure of the current State Council is as follows:
Premier
Vice Premiers
State Councilors
Secretary-General
Ministries & Commissions of the State Council
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Ministry of National Defense
State Development Planning Commission
State Economic and Trade Commission
Ministry of Education
Ministry of Science & Technology
Commission of Science, Technology & Industry
For National Defense
State Ethnic Affairs Commission
Ministry of Public Security
Ministry of State Security
Ministry of Supervision
Ministry of Civil Affairs
Ministry of Justice
Ministry of Finance
Ministry of Personnel
Ministry of Labor & Social Security
Ministry of Land & Resources
Ministry of Construction
Ministry of Railways
Ministry of Communications
Ministry of Information Industry
Ministry of Water Resources
Ministry of Agriculture
Ministry of Foreign Trade & Economic Cooperation (MOFTEC)
Ministry of Culture
Ministry of Health
State Family Planning Commission
People's Bank of China
National Audit Office
Organizations Directly Under the State Council
General Administration of Customs
State Administration of Taxation
State Environmental Protection Administration
General Administration of Civil Aviation of China
State Administration of Radio, Film & Television
State General Administration of Sports
National Bureau of Statistics
State Administration of Industry & Commerce
Press & Publication Administration (State Copyright Bureau)
State Forestry Administration
State Bureau of Quality & Technical Supervision
State Drug Administration
State Intellectual Property Office
State Tourism Administration
State Administration of Religious Affairs
Counselor's Office of the State Council
Government Offices Administration of the State Council
Administrative Offices Under the State Council
Overseas Chinese Affairs Office of the
State Council
Hong Kong & Macao Affairs Office of the State Council
Legislative Affairs Office of the State Council
Economic Restructuring Office of the State Council
Research Office of the State Council
Information Office of the State Council
Institutions Directly Under the State Council
Xinhua News Agency
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Chinese Academy of Social Sciences
Chinese Academy of Engineering
Development Research Center of the State Council
National School of Administration
China Seismological Bureau
China Meteorological Administration
China Securities Regulatory Commission
China Insurance Regulatory Commission
State Bureaus Under the Jurisdiction of Ministries & Commissions
State Grain Reserve Administration
State Tobacco Monopoly Administration
State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs
State Oceanic Administration
State Bureau of Surveying & Mapping
State Post Bureau
State Administration of Cultural Relics
State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine
State Administration of Foreign Exchange
State Bureau for Production Safety Supervision
State Archives Bureau
National Administration for the Protection of State Secrets
