| Sporotrichosis
II. / Esporotricosis II. ***********************************
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ESPOROTRICOSIS II
SPOROTRICHOSIS II
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***** DERMAGIC-EXPRESS No 21 *********
****** 01 DICIEMBRE 1.998 *******
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1.) EDITORIAL /ESPANOL
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Hola amigos de la red, DERMAGIC hoy les trae el segundo bloque de referencias bibliograficas sobre el tema esporotricosis, espero que sean de utilidad para todos.
saludos,,,
Proximas ediciones: * LA TOXINA BOTULINICA
1.) EDITORIAL/ ENGLISH
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Hello friends of the net, DERMAGIC today brings the second block of bibliographical references on the topic sporotrichosis, I hope they are of utility for all.
Greetings,,,
Next editions: * THE BOTULINUM TOXIN
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DERMAGIC/EXPRESS(21)
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ESPOROTRICOSIS II// SPOROTRICHOSIS II
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1.) Effect of immunization and potassium iodide on polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemiluminescence in experimental murine sporotrichosis.
2.) Empyema associated with pulmonary sporotrichosis.
3.) Sporotrichosis in a father and son.
4.) Sporotrichosis.
5.) Sporotrichosis in the Orinoco river basin of Venezuela and Colombia.
6.) Statistical survey of 150 cases with sporotrichosis.
7.) Disseminated sporotrichosis.
8.) Serologic studies in the diagnosis and management of meningitis due to Sporothrix schenckii.
9.) Sporothrix infection of the lung without cutaneous disease. Primary pulmonary sporotrichosis.
10.) [Lymphangitic sporotrichosis]
11.) Studies in sporotrichosis: fungal morphogenesis and pathogenicity in differing environments.
12.) Facial sporotrichosis in children.
13.) Growth temperatures of isolates of Sporothrix schenckii from disseminated and fixed cutaneous lesions of sporotrichosis.
14.) Foodborne Sporothrix schenckii: infectivity for mice by intraperitoneal and intragastric inoculation with conidia.
15.) Feline sporotrichosis: a report of five cases with transmission to humans.
16.) Sporotrichosis masquerading as pyoderma gangrenosum.
17.) Pulmonary sporotrichosis: review of treatment and outcome.
18.) Itraconazole therapy in lymphangitic and cutaneous sporotrichosis.
19.) Metabolic activity of phagocytes in experimental sporotrichosis.
20.) Fixed cutaneous sporotrichosis: unusual histopathology following intralesional corticosteroid administration.
21.) Primary pulmonary sporotrichosis. Report of eight cases with clinicopathologic review.
22.) Studies on sporotrichosis. Pathogenicity and morphogenesis in the Transvaal strains of Sporothrix schenckii.
23.) Rosacea-like sporotrichosis.
24.) Ketoconazole-treated sporotrichosis in a veterinarian.
25.) Elastin fibers resembling Sporothrix schenkii in the skin of a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
26.) Old and new therapies for sporotrichosis.
27.) Diagnosis of systemic mycoses by specific immunohistochemical tests.
28.) Three-phase bone and Ga-67 scintigraphy in disseminated sporotrichosis.
29.) Fatal fungaemia due to Sporothrix schenckii.
30.) Successful treatment of cutaneous sporotrichosis with liquid nitrogen: report of three cases.
31.) Lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis.
32.) Spook house sporotrichosis. A point-source outbreak of sporotrichosis associated with hay bale props in a Halloween haunted-house.
33.) Outbreak of sporotrichosis among tree nursery workers.
34.) Pulmonary sporotrichosis with hyphae in a human immunodeficiency virus-infected patient. A case report.
35.) Epidemiologic skin test survey of sensitivity to paracoccidioidin, Histoplasmin and sporotrichin among gold mine workers of Morro Velho
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1.) Effect of immunization and potassium iodide on polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemiluminescence in experimental murine sporotrichosis.
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SO - Mycoses 1989 Sep;32(9):443-7
AU - Shimizu T; Hiruma M; Akiyama M; Kukita A; Tsuru S
PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AB - This study was undertaken to examine the effects of immunization with Sporothrix schenckii and oral potassium iodide (KJ) administration on the chemiluminescence (CL) response of mouse polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) in experimental murine sporotrichosis. When N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (FMLP) particles were used as foreign bodies to be phagocytosed, the time to the peak CL response of the PMNs in an immunized group was shortened in comparison with a non-immunized control group, and the CL intensity was found to be prolonged. Whereas administration of KJ resulted in a reduction of the CL intensity in non-immunized mice, in immunized mice it caused a rise in CL intensity. When the foreign bodies used as targets for phagocytosis were Sp. schenckii, changes similar to the above occurred, but CL production was reduced.
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2.) Empyema associated with pulmonary sporotrichosis.
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SO - South Med J 1989 Jul;82(7):910-3
AU - Fields CL; Ossorio MA; Roy TM
AD - Division of Respiratory and Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Ky. 40292.
PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AB - Sporothrix schenckii produces an insidious debilitating illness in humans. The lungs are seldom involved and pleural involvement is distinctly unusual, with only four patients described in the literature. We have described a patient with both parenchymal lung disease and pleural effusion. The characteristics of the pleural fluid were unlike those previously reported, and suggest that the coexistence of a parenchymal Sporothrix infiltrate may alter the nature of the pleural fluid to mimic an empyema rather than a self-limited hypersensitivity reaction.
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3.) Sporotrichosis in a father and son.
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SO - J Am Acad Dermatol 1989 May;20(5 Pt 2):964-7
AU - Frumkin A; Tisserand ME
AD - Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City.
PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AB - A 41-year-old man developed classic lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis on the left arm; his 2-year-old son developed a single lesion of the "fixed" type on the right leg. Both patients responded rapidly to therapy with oral potassium iodide. Seven previous reports of familial sporotrichosis are listed, and therapy is reviewed briefly.
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4.) Sporotrichosis.
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SO - Dermatol Clin 1989 Apr;7(2):193-202
AU - Belknap BS
AD - Division of Dermatology, University of North Dakota School of Medicine, Grand Forks, North Dakota.
REVIEW, TUTORIAL
AB - Sporotrichosis is a chronic fungal infection that most commonly involves the skin and lymphatics. It is classified into five forms: classic lymphocutaneous, fixed cutaneous, disseminated cutaneous, primary pulmonary, and systemic sporotrichosis. Its diagnosis is established by fungal culture or by direct immunofluorescence. Safe effective therapy for cutaneous sporotrichosis exists in the form of oral potassium iodide and local heat therapy. However, itraconazole, one of the newer triazole antimycotic agents, appears quite effective against Sporothrix schenckii and may provide a means of reducing both the length of therapy and the relapse rate. Systemic sporotrichosis, although still rare, is becoming more common, especially in immunosuppressed patients. Because of multisystem involvement, both diagnosis and management of patients with systemic sporotrichosis are difficult. Serologic antibody tests such as the slide latex agglutination test are useful to confirm the diagnosis and to determine the effectiveness of antifungal therapy. Intravenous amphotericin B is still considered the drug of choice for systemic sporotrichosis, but the search for a less toxic agent continues. Also, combination drug therapy and surgical intervention are necessary for some patients with extracutaneous sporotrichosis.
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5.) Sporotrichosis in the Orinoco river basin of Venezuela and Colombia.
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SO - Mycopathologia 1989 Jan;105(1):19-23
AU - Beer-Romero P; Rodriguez-Ochoa G; Angulo R; Cabrera S; Yarzabal L
AD - Centro Amazonico de Investigacion y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales (CAICET), Territorio Federal Amazones, Venezuela.
PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AB - Six cases of sporotrichosis from the Orinoco river basin of Venezuela and Colombia are described; two are of the localized cutaneous type and four are lymphocutaneous. Diagnosis was based on the patient's clinical history and mycological culture. Epidemiology and distinctive cultural habits of the patients are discussed in connection with disease etiology.
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6.) Statistical survey of 150 cases with sporotrichosis.
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SO - Mycopathologia 1988 May;102(2):129-33
AU - Kusuhara M; Hachisuka H; Sasai Y
AD - Department of Dermatology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan.
PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AB - A survey of 150 cases with sporotrichosis seen at the Dermatological Clinic of Kurume University Hospital from February 1962 to October 1986 was reported. The proportion of cases with sporotrichosis to the total number of outpatients was 0.17%. Greater percentage of cases fell into the less than 10 years old or more than 40 years old groups. The male to female ratio was 1:1.46, and 38 cases occurred in farmers. Geographic distribution was remarkable, especially around the Chikugo and Yabe river. Sixty-four cases showed the cutaneous lymphangitic type and 85 cases the localized cutaneous type and one case atypical type. The face and upper extremities were the most affected. The sporotrichin test was positive in 117 of 131 cases. The causative organism was demonstrated in tissue sections in 69% of the cases.
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7.) Disseminated sporotrichosis.
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SO - Int J Dermatol 1988 Jan-Feb;27(1):28-30
AU - Schamroth JM; Grieve TP; Kellen P
AD - Department of Dermatology, Baragwanath Hospital, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AB - The clinical manifestations of sporotrichosis can be classified into three disease patterns: (1) localized lymphatic sporotrichosis, (2) fixed cutaneous (or endemic) sporotrichosis, and (3) disseminated sporotrichosis. This presentation reflects a rare disseminated form of the disease with extensive cutaneous and systemic lesions, and further illustrates the difficulty in diagnosing systemic sporotrichosis infection.
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8.) Serologic studies in the diagnosis and management of meningitis due to Sporothrix schenckii.
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SO - N Engl J Med 1987 Oct 8;317(15):935-40
AU - Scott EN; Kaufman L; Brown AC; Muchmore HG
PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AB - Eight patients have previously been reported to have central nervous system infections caused by Sporothrix schenckii. In those patients the fungus proved quite difficult to culture, delaying correct diagnosis and treatment. We describe seven additional patients with sporotrichosis meningitis, all of whom had antibody to this fungus in cerebrospinal fluid and serum. The antibody in the cerebrospinal fluid was most likely produced locally, as evidenced by its oligoclonality and the relatively high ratio of immunoglobulin to albumin in the cerebrospinal fluid as compared with the serum. Only one of these seven patients, who had active sporotrichosis of the knee joint, had obvious extrameningeal infection. None of 130 patients with meningitis known to be caused by other agents and none of 170 patients with other neurologic disorders had antibody to S. schenckii in their cerebrospinal fluid. We suggest that cerebrospinal fluid should be tested for S. schenckii antibody (in addition to other fungal agents) in any patient with chronic meningitis for which no cause is discovered by the usual diagnostic tests.
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9.) Sporothrix infection of the lung without cutaneous disease. Primary pulmonary sporotrichosis.
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SO - Arch Pathol Lab Med 1987 Mar;111(3):298-300
AU - England DM; Hochholzer L
PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AB - The clinical spectrum of sporotrichosis is expanding and now includes pulmonary infection in absence of skin lesions. Lung involvement, albeit unusual, is a granulomatous pneumonitis which may progress to bilateral, apical, fibrotic, and contracted infiltrates or cavities, thereby mimicking tuberculosis or histoplasmosis. The patients are most often middle-aged men with alcoholism and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Our case report is yet another variant of primary pulmonary sporotrichosis that presented as diffuse, bilateral granulomatous pneumonitis without cavitation or predilection for upper lobes.
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10.) [Lymphangitic sporotrichosis]
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TT - [Die lymphangitische Sporotrichose.]
SO - Hautarzt 1987 Feb;38(2):112-4
AU - Bojanovsky A; Weiss J
MJ - Lymphangitis [pathology]; Sporotrichosis [pathology]
MN - Biopsy; Ketoconazole [therapeutic use]; Lymphangitis [drug therapy]; Middle Age; Skin [pathology]; Sporotrichosis [drug therapy]
MT - Case Report; Female; Human
MC - English Abstract
PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AB - A case of cutaneous lymphangitic sporotrichosis in a 63-year-old Sicilian woman is reported. The diagnosis of sporotrichosis was made using a direct smear preparation and confirmed by the findings of histological studies and those obtained via culture ketoconazole therapy led to a significant reduction of the lesions.
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11.) Studies in sporotrichosis: fungal morphogenesis and pathogenicity in differing environments.
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SO - Mycopathologia 1986 Nov;96(2):115-22
AU - Findlay GH; Vismer HF
PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AB - Sporothrix schenckii exhibits different morphology and pathogenic properties according to the source and circumstances of its growth. The present study considers the morphology and experimental pathogenicity in relation to - the 'wild' strains; the possible circumstances enhancing pathogenicity in strains recovered from the soil; the rate and nature of the transformational steps in morphology, in human and experimental infections by established pathogenic strains; the elimination of pathogenic strains to the surface of clinical lesions, enabling a simplified diagnostic proof of infection; the rate and nature of the reversion of pathogenic forms to the 'wild' type when the constraints of the host are lessened; the plasticity of conidium-pigmentation as a sign of pathogenicity; the morphological conversions on moist wattle-wood as occur in the Gold Mines; and a note on the therapeutic value of itraconazole. Host resistance is seen to play a larger part in morphology of the pathogenic phase, and exhaustion of natural food resources as the generator of potentially pathogenic forms.
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12.) Facial sporotrichosis in children.
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SO - Pediatr Dermatol 1986 Sep;3(4):311-4
AU - Prose NS; Milburn PB; Papayanopulos DM
MJ - Dermatomycoses; Sporotrichosis
MN - Child, Preschool; Child; Face
MT - Case Report; Female; Human; Male
PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AB - We examined two patients with facial lesions of fixed cutaneous sporotrichosis. That condition should be considered in the differential diagnosis of persistent nodules or plaques in this anatomic location.
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13.) Growth temperatures of isolates of Sporothrix schenckii from disseminated and fixed cutaneous lesions of sporotrichosis.
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SO - Mycopathologia 1986 Aug;95(2):81-3
AU - de Albornoz MB; Mendoza M; de Torres ED
PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AB - In 1979 Kwon Chung described two varieties of Sporothrix schenckii based on the thermotolerance of isolates from fixed cutaneous (35 degrees C) and that of disseminated cutaneous forms (37 degrees C) of sporotrichosis. Since we had not noted such a difference previously in a study of 100 cases of this disease (55% localized and 45% disseminated) wherein all the isolates grew at 37 degrees C, we decided to repeat this work. Our results differ from those reported by Kwon Chung, since the isolates of both the fixed and disseminated forms of sporotrichosis grew at 37 and 38 degrees C, even when we used inocula of 30 conidia (20-50) which according to Kwon Chung were needed to observe this difference.
EM - 8701
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14.) Foodborne Sporothrix schenckii: infectivity for mice by intraperitoneal and intragastric inoculation with conidia.
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SO - Mycopathologia 1986 Jul;95(1):3-16
AU - Kazanas N
PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AB - Experimental infections with a foodborne isolate of the fungus Sporothrix schenckii were administered to mice by intraperitoneal or intragastric injection and gavage. All injected mice showed evidence of systemic sporotrichosis. Granulomas were observed from day 3 to day 12 in the organs of neonates inoculated by injection; in mice infected by gavage, granulomas were observed only in those inoculated with 10(7) conidia. Susceptibility (based on cultural recovery) of the neonates to infections with 6 X 10(6) conidia of the fungus was 100% with intragastric injection, 91% with intraperitoneal injection, and 21 and 24% (2 X 10(7) conidia) with oral intubation. With both intragastric (59%) and intraperitoneal (25%) injections, more neonates died or were cannibalized by the mother than with intubation (14.5%). S. schenckii infected neonatal mice and caused illness by the oral route as well as by injection into the tissues or stomach. Adult mice, however, were susceptible to S. schenckii only by injection into the tissues, but not by gavage.
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15.) Feline sporotrichosis: a report of five cases with transmission to humans.
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SO - J Am Acad Dermatol 1986 Jul;15(1):37-45
AU - Dunstan RW; Langham RF; Reimann KA; Wakenell PS
PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AB - Sporotrichosis was diagnosed in five cats. Seven humans exposed to these cats subsequently developed the disease. All feline cases developed draining ulcers, and in four of five cases there was disseminated cutaneous involvement. Histologically, numerous Sporothrix organisms were noted in cutaneous lesions and overlying exudate. The seven humans who became infected were involved in cleaning and medicating cats with the disease; all human patients developed a localized lymphocutaneous form of sporotrichosis. In four of the human cases there was no history of an associated penetrating wound. The large number of Sporothrix organisms is a distinct feature of feline sporotrichosis and indicates that the cat may be the only domestic animal species that can readily transmit this disease to humans. In addition, any contact with the draining lesions of affected cats offers the potential for human infection.
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16.) Sporotrichosis masquerading as pyoderma gangrenosum.
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SO - Arch Dermatol 1986 Jun;122(6):691-4
AU - Spiers EM; Hendrick SJ; Jorizzo JL; Solomon AR
PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AB - A 46-year-old man was diagnosed as having pyoderma gangrenosum after special stains and cultures from a skin biopsy specimen were reported as negative. Cutaneous sporotrichosis is usually diagnosed with relative ease on the basis of clinicopathologic features and prompt growth of the fungus in culture, although organisms are difficult to detect in tissue even with special stains. Identification of Sporothrix schenckii was delayed for three months in this patient because of unusual growth characteristics noted in the culture. The report of this patient's clinical course illustrates both the need to frequently reassess the diagnosis of pyoderma gangrenosum in treatment-resistant patients and the fact that S schenckii may be difficult to diagnose clinically and mycologically if the growth characteristics of the fungus are unusual.
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17.) Pulmonary sporotrichosis: review of treatment and outcome.
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SO - Medicine (Baltimore) 1986 May;65(3):143-53
AU - Pluss JL; Opal SM
PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW (58 references)
AB - Four culture-documented cases of pulmonary sporotrichosis, three primary infections and one with multisystem involvement, are presented. Two of these patients are the first reported cases of primary lung disease treated with ketoconazole. This antifungal agent appears to be ineffective in eradicating this infection. The four cases, as well as a review of the literature, illustrate several important aspects of this rare disease. Pulmonary sporotrichosis is most commonly found in males with a history of alcohol abuse who are between the ages of 30 and 60. The infection is usually confined to the parenchyma of the lung but can involve hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes, pleura, skin, subcutaneous tissue, and joints. All but two cases have been reported in the United States, and the majority reside within states bordering the Missouri or Mississippi rivers. Direct occupational or environmental exposure appears to be an important predisposing risk factor. The onset of the disease is insidious, presenting in a manner similar to many other granulomatous or neoplastic diseases. Tuberculosis is the most common suspected diagnosis before confirmation of sporotrichosis. The chest radiograph most commonly demonstrates upperlobe cavitary disease with surrounding parenchymal infiltrates. The diagnosis can be suspected with high serologic titers or skin-test positivity, but needs to be confirmed by culture. The organism can usually be grown from sputum, as well as routine bronchoscopic procedures, open-lung biopsy specimens or pleural fluid. Histologic examination shows granulomas of both the caseating and noncaseating varieties. Frequently, organisms can be seen in necrotic areas of the lung tissue by diastase-modified GMS or PAS staining. Staining by direct fluorescent antibody technique can also be done and appears to be highly specific. Treatment is controversial, but total surgical resection of diseased lung as well as a perioperative regimen of SSKI or amphotericin B appears to be the most efficacious therapy. Medical therapy alone with SSKI or amphotericin B may be useful in selected cases but has been disappointing in the majority of reports. The imidazoles are usually ineffective, and the search for more effective medical therapy continues.
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18.)Itraconazole therapy in lymphangitic and cutaneous sporotrichosis.
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SO - Arch Dermatol 1986 Apr;122(4):413-7
AU - Restrepo A; Robledo J; Gomez I; Tabares AM; Gutierrez R
PT - CLINICAL TRIAL; JOURNAL ARTICLE
AB - Itraconazole, a new orally absorbable azole derivative, was used for the treatment of 17 patients with cutaneous and lymphangitic sporotrichosis. The drug, administered at a dose of 100 mg/day, proved to be effective in all cases. Lesions disappeared and cultures became negative after 90 to 180 days of therapy. There were no major side effects. Posttherapy evaluations, done in 14 of 17 cases for an average of 115 days, revealed no relapses. Objective evaluation of the treatment by means of a scoring system indicated complete resolution of the pretherapy abnormalities at varying periods; thus, 35.3% (six of 17) of the patients had recovered by 90 days, 45.4% (five of 11) by 120 days, and 83.3% (five of six) by 150 days of therapy. Consequently, therapy with itraconazole is an adequate alternative to iodide treatment in sporotrichosis.
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19.) Metabolic activity of phagocytes in experimental sporotrichosis.
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SO - Mycopathologia 1986 Feb;93(2):109-12
AU - Ramos-Zepeda R; Gonzalez-Mendoza A
PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AB - Phagocytosis plays an important role as a protective mechanism against infections, since polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and macrophages are the first cellular lines opposed to aggressive microorganisms. In patients with sporotrichosis a diminished capability of killing engulfed yeast by their PMN has been described, but the origin of this deficiency remains unknown. In this work, partial aspects of the oxidative metabolism of PMN leukocytes and peritoneal macrophages of mongolian gerbils experimentally infected with sporotrichosis were studied. For this purpose the nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) test as described by Baehner and Nathan (1) and myeloperoxidase activity measured according to Kaplow's method were utilized. The PMN and macrophages of mongolian gerbils infected with sporotrichosis showed increased reduction of NBT when compared with the phagocytic cells of normal ones, as is usually observed in most infections. Myeloperoxidase activity was diminished in both PMN and macrophages, but this diminution was statistically significant only in PMN leukocytes. These results show that part of the oxidative mechanisms of phagocytic cells can be impaired in experimental sporotrichosis, and could be correlated with the diminished fungicidal activity of PMN leukocytes obtained from patients infected with sporotrichosis.
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20.) Fixed cutaneous sporotrichosis: unusual histopathology following intralesional corticosteroid administration.
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SO - J Am Acad Dermatol 1985 Jun;12(6):1007-12
AU - Bickley LK; Berman IJ; Hood AF
PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AB - The fixed cutaneous type of sporotrichosis is difficult to diagnose because clinical lesions are variable in appearance and the cells of Sporothrix schenckii are usually scarce in skin biopsy specimens. We have described two patients with lesions of fixed cutaneous sporotrichosis that resembled other inflammatory skin conditions and were treated with intralesional corticosteroids. Subsequent skin biopsies from these lesions demonstrated an unusually large number of yeast cells.
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21.) Primary pulmonary sporotrichosis. Report of eight cases with clinicopathologic review.
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SO - Am J Surg Pathol 1985 Mar;9(3):193-204
AU - England DM; Hochholzer L
MJ - Lung Diseases, Fungal [pathology]; Lung [pathology]; Sporotrichosis [pathology]
MN - Adult; Middle Age
MT - Female; Human; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AB - Pulmonary sporotrichosis in the absence of lymphocutaneous disease is unusual; however, its incidence may be greater than previously recognized. This report describes the AFIP experience in eight cases of primary pulmonary sporotrichosis and reviews an additional 23 cases. The disease is often a bilateral, apical, chronic and cavitary, progressive, destructive, and debilitating infection, most often seen in middle-aged men with a history of alcoholism and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In this clinical setting, pulmonary sporotrichosis closely mimics tuberculosis or histoplasmosis. However, this clinical charade can be unmasked by serologic tests, cultures, and identification of the causative agent, Sporothrix schenckii, in sections of paraffin-embedded lung containing necrotizing granulomas and stained with periodic acid-Schiff and Gomori methenamine-silver nitrate. Previously not recognized is the presentation of primary pulmonary sporotrichosis as a solitary, peripheral, necrotizing pulmonary nodule, observed in two patients. Chronic cavitary pulmonary sporotrichosis is usually refractory to drug therapy; however, when combined with surgical resection, cure can be attained.
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22.) Studies on sporotrichosis. Pathogenicity and morphogenesis in the Transvaal strains of Sporothrix schenckii.
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SO - Mycopathologia 1984 Aug 30;87(1-2):85-93
AU - Findlay GH; Vismer HF; Dreyer L
PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AB - In the Transvaal, two epidemiologic patterns of Sporothrix infection occur in man. Evidence gathered from nature, the clinic and the laboratory suggests that these patterns are not the result of either a fixed strain specificity or a random mutation. The differences represent a developmental trend, determined by environmental factors, which gradually transform the wild strains of Sporothrix schenckii into variants resembling the earlier descriptions of Sporothrix beurmannii. This change, moreover, is regular and predictable.
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23.) Rosacea-like sporotrichosis.
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SO - Cutis 1984 Jun;33(6):549-52
AU - Day TW; Gibson GH; Guin JD
PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AB - Sporotrichosis is rarely included in the differential diagnosis of rosacea. A patient who clinically appeared to have rosacea, but proved by culture and clinical response to have sporotrichosis of the fixed cutaneous variety, is reported.
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24.) Ketoconazole-treated sporotrichosis in a veterinarian.
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SO - Cutis 1984 May;33(5):487-8
AU - Samorodin CS; Sina B
PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AB - A 63-year-old veterinarian acquired sporotrichosis presumably from handling an infected cat. Treatment was successfully completed with ketoconazole, 200 to 400 mg a day for eight weeks. No side effects were noted.
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25.) Elastin fibers resembling Sporothrix schenkii in the skin of a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
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SO - Arch Pathol Lab Med 1995 Aug;119(8):744-8
AU - Skrade J; Papasian CJ; Harper DM; Kragel PJ
AD - Department of Pathology, Truman Medical Center, University of Missouri, Kansas City 64108, USA.
PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AB - We describe a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who presented with an erythematous skin rash on his trunk and extremities. Initial histologic examination of a skin biopsy revealed silver-staining elements resembling Sporothrix schenkii. Additional histochemical and ultrastructural studies revealed that these elements were elastin fibers rather than fungi. The literature describing pseudofungal infections is reviewed.
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26.) Old and new therapies for sporotrichosis.
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AU: Kauffman-CA
SO: Clin-Infect-Dis. 1995 Oct; 21(4): 981-5
ISSN: 1058-4838
LA: ENGLISH
AB: The old therapies for sporotrichosis--saturated solution of potassium iodide (SSKI) and amphotericin B--have largely been supplanted by itraconazole treatment. Although SSKI is effective for the treatment of lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis, it is difficult to administer and is frequently associated with side effects; response rates of >90% are associated with itraconazole therapy for lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis. Patients with osteoarticular sporotrichosis rarely have systemic symptoms and can be effectively treated with a prolonged course of itraconazole, thus obviating the need for intravenous amphotericin B therapy with its associated toxic effects. Pulmonary sporotrichosis in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus continue to be difficult therapeutic problems, but itraconazole appears to be at least as effective as amphotericin B as treatment for these forms of sporotrichosis.
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27.) Diagnosis of systemic mycoses by specific immunohistochemical tests.
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AU: Jensen-HE; Schonheyder-HC; Hotchi-M; Kaufman-L
SO: APMIS. 1996 Apr; 104(4): 241-58
ISSN: 0903-4641
LA: ENGLISH
AB: Immunohistochemistry has proved to be a powerful tool for the accurate diagnosis of a number of important mycoses in humans and animals, such as aspergillosis, candidosis, cryptococcosis, blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis capsulati and duboisii, paracoccidioidomycosis, fusariosis, pseudallescheriosis (scedosporiosis), sporotrichosis, trichosporonosis, penicilliosis, and zygomycosis (mucormycosis). These techniques are also applicable to pneumocystosis and to non-mycotic infections caused by algae such as protothecosis. Apart from the specificity of immunohistochemistry, the application of fluorochromes is highly effective for the localization of typical or atypical fungal elements in lesions with only few organisms present. Occasionally, a dual aetiology of fungal infections may be suspected on the basis of morphological study, and dual staining techniques have the capacity for resolving this question by simultaneous and differential staining of two fungal species present in a tissue specimen.
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28.) Three-phase bone and Ga-67 scintigraphy in disseminated sporotrichosis.
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AU: Patange-V; Cesani-F; Phillpott-J; Villanueva-Meyer-J
SO: Clin-Nucl-Med. 1995 Oct; 20(10): 909-12
ISSN: 0363-9762
LA: ENGLISH
AB: A 27-year-old man, who had been shoveling gravel in southern Texas for 3 years, had a history of papules and nodules in the left lateral wall of the abdomen. The lesions increased in number and severity with spread to other regions of the body. A punch biopsy of the right arm lesion revealed intracellular, round and cigar shaped budding yeast. The cultures grew Sporotrichum schenkii. Three-phase bone imaging and a Ga-67 scan defined the extent of the disease including involvement of the right tibia, left second metacarpal, and the left wrist joints, the latter two of which were not apparent on clinical examination.
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29.) Fatal fungaemia due to Sporothrix schenckii.
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AU: Castrejon-OV; Robles-M; Zubieta-Arroyo-OE
SO: Mycoses. 1995 Sep-Oct; 38(9-10): 373-6
ISSN: 0933-7407
LA: ENGLISH
AB: A clinical case is reported of a 78-year-old male with antecedents of diabetes and alcoholism who was hospitalized because he showed cutaneous lesions on the face and extremities suggesting cutaneous tuberculosis, but after a first histological study cutaneous leishmaniasis was erroneously diagnosed. Because of some unusual characteristics of the patient, the skin biopsies were carefully re-examined, as well as blood smears, which revealed elongated yeast form-like cells suggestive of Sporothrix schenckii. The diagnosis was confirmed when the fungus grew in mice and in Sabouraud cultures inoculated with blood samples from the patient. It is recommended that Sp. schenckii is included in the differential diagnosis of ulcerative cutaneous lesions in patients from Mexican humid areas.
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30.) Successful treatment of cutaneous sporotrichosis with liquid nitrogen: report of three cases.
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AU: Bargman-H
SO: Mycoses. 1995 Jul-Aug; 38(7-8): 285-7
ISSN: 0933-7407
LA: ENGLISH
AB: Sporotrichosis is a not uncommon deep fungal infection that frequently involves the skin. At present, there are several therapeutic modalities available to treat this infection. This report outlines the successful treatment of three cases of sporotrichosis using liquid nitrogen. Cryotherapy may be useful in treating some cases of this disease.
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31.) Lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis.
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AU: Whitfeld-MJ; Faust-HB
SO: Australas-J-Dermatol. 1995 Aug; 36(3): 161-3
ISSN: 0004-8380
LA: ENGLISH
AB: Lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis presented in a 10 year old child 1-2 weeks after an abrasion. A series of nodules, two of which ulcerated, appeared along the arm with tender unilateral axillary lymphadenopathy in the absence of systemic symptoms. Biopsy showed a granulomatous infiltrate but failed to reveal the organism; however, culture was positive for Sporothrix schenckii. The primary lesion healed with a scar after 3 months of systemic therapy with potassium iodide.
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32.) Spook house sporotrichosis. A point-source outbreak of sporotrichosis associated with hay bale props in a Halloween haunted-house.
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Dooley DP; Bostic PS; Beckius ML
Department of Medicine, Brooke Army Medical Center, Ft Sam Houston, Tex, USA.
Arch Intern Med (UNITED STATES) Sep 8 1997 157 (16) p1885-7 ISSN: 0003-9926
Language: ENGLISH
Document Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW OF REPORTED CASES
Journal Announcement: 9711
Subfile: AIM; INDEX MEDICUS
While isolated cases of sporotrichosis typically occur following contact with
contaminated plant materials, outbreaks are distinctly unusual. A temporal increase
in the incidence of sporotrichosis in a dermatology practice at a military
installation in southwestern Oklahoma prompted an investigation. Patients with
sporotrichosis presenting to a single dermatologist in the winter of 1992-1993 were
interviewed, epidemiological data were collected, and fungal cultures were obtained
from incriminated hay fields. Five patients presented with cutaneous sporotrichosis
during a 5-week period beginning in December 1992. Four patients had maintained hay
bales in a Halloween haunted house and the fifth patient had visited the house once.
As in 3 previous reports, this outbreak was associated with stored hay or hay bales
harvested in the US plains states. Contact with hay should be recognized as a risk
factor for infection with Sporothrix schenckii. Outbreaks are possible given
adequate intensity of exposure and may be difficult to recognize because of the
delayed presentation of clinical illness.
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33.) Outbreak of sporotrichosis among tree nursery workers.
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Hajjeh R; McDonnell S; Reef S; Licitra C; Hankins M; Toth B; Padhye A; Kaufman L;
Pasarell L; Cooper C; Hutwagner L; Hopkins R; McNeil M
Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious
Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
J Infect Dis (UNITED STATES) Aug 1997 176 (2) p499-504 ISSN: 0022-1899
Language: ENGLISH
Document Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE
Journal Announcement: 9710
Subfile: AIM; INDEX MEDICUS
In spring 1994, an outbreak of sporotrichosis occurred at a tree nursery in
Florida; 9 (14%) of 65 workers involved in production of sphagnum moss topiaries
developed lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis. A cohort study of all 65 employees was
conducted to identify risk factors for sporotrichosis, and an environmental
investigation was done. The risk of sporotrichosis increased significantly with the
duration of working with sphagnum moss (P < .05), in particular with filling
topiaries (P < .05), and with having less gardening experience (P < .05). Wearing
gloves was protective (P < .005). Sporothrix schenckii was cultured from patients
and sphagnum moss used in topiary production. Use of restriction fragment length
polymorphism revealed an identical pattern for patient isolates that was different
from the patterns of environmental isolates. Physicians should be aware of
sporotrichosis in patients with ulcerative skin lesions who have a history of
occupational or recreational exposure to sphagnum moss.
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34.) Pulmonary sporotrichosis with hyphae in a human immunodeficiency virus-infected patient. A case report.
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Gori S; Lupetti A; Moscato G; Parenti M; Lofaro A
Department of Microbiology, Hospital of Pisa, Italy.
Acta Cytol (UNITED STATES) Mar-Apr 1997 41 (2) p519-21 ISSN: 0001-5547
Language: ENGLISH
Document Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE
Journal Announcement: 9707
Subfile: INDEX MEDICUS
BACKGROUND: Pulmonary sporotrichosis is a rare event. Sporothrix schenckii is a
dimorphic fungus and develops at 37 degrees C in yeast form. Usually hyphae are not
observed in tissues, although their presence has been occasionally demonstrated in
biopsies. CASE: A 37-year-old man, human immunodeficiency virus-1 positive, with a
CD4 cell count of 345/mm3, developed a productive cough. A sputum smear revealed the
presence of a large amount of long, thin, septated micelia. The hyphae bore oval,
sessile conidia. Cultures of sputum yielded numerous colonies of S schenckii.
CONCLUSION: This is the first report of hyphae of S schenckii in sputum. This case
emphasizes the possibilities of cytology for the diagnosis of mycotic infections.
Fungi have typical morphologies, and it is possible, on the basis of microscopic
evidence, to suspect the nature of the infection early and thus to direct culture
procedures.
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35.) Epidemiologic skin test survey of sensitivity to paracoccidioidin, Histoplasmin and sporotrichin among gold mine workers of Morro Velho ======================================================================
Mining, Brazil.
Rodrigues MT; de Resende MA
Departamento de Parasitologia, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de
Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
Mycopathologia (NETHERLANDS) 1996 135 (2) p89-98 ISSN: 0301-486X
Language: ENGLISH
Document Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE
Journal Announcement: 9706
Subfile: INDEX MEDICUS
Skin tests with paracoccidioidin, histoplasmin and sporotrichin were applied to 417
workers of Morro Velho Mining in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, with the main
purpose of detecting the prevalence of paracoccidioidomycosis-infection,
histoplasmosis capsulate-infection and sporotrichosis-infection. The rates of
positivity to the skin tests were 13.43% for paracoccidioidin, 17.50% for
histoplasmin and 13.67% for sporotrichin. Several epidemiological factors were
investigated for a better interpretation of the results. Paracoccidioides
brasiliensis, Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum and Sporothrix schenkii were not
isolated from the soil samples from the mines investigated.
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DATA-MEDICOS/DERMAGIC-EXPRESS No (20) 27/11/98 DR. JOSE LAPENTA R. DERMATOLOGO
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Dr. Jose Lapenta R.
Maracay, Venezuela
[email protected]
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