Footnotes for
1-28HARC pencil notation: ''Replaced by same except by 'China Coast.''' There was no chapter entitled ''Cathay'' in his final manuscript, although it is true that a small amount of material in this draft chapter did find its way into his final ''China Coast'' section.
1-29Additional HARC marginal notations with no obvious textual reference appear at the top of this page, perhaps as memory-joggers for later inclusions which he never added. These include: ''Aphrodisiacs''; ''li = 705 yards, mow = approx 1/6 acre, ta pi - legal tender of 100 cents''; and ''magnificent distances - magnificent by snail's-pace travel and up-grades''
1-30A cryptic HARC notation here: ''Only facets of scene that nobody can encompass whole.''
1-31A puzzling (non-sequiter) pen insertion here: ''Noodle eaters in North, rice in South, ploughed (?) East and West. As in Russo-Japanese War, wooden shells and duds (papier-mache) bullets (made in Japan). Generals starting war until crops harvested considered inhuman manners.''
1-32For the reader unfamiliar with the history of China's relations with the rest of the world, I'll simply note that extraterritoriality was the result of negotiations ending the Opium Wars and granted to many European countries the right to enclaves in Peking and elsewhere which were to be considered sovereign territory of those countries. The interested reader is referred to many excellent books covering the topic which are listed in the bibliography.
1-33HARC notation: ''Ningpo varnish poisoning. Doolittle's secret base in vicinity.'' The first reference is unclear - perhaps some industrial accident. The second allusion is clearly to General (then Major) James H. Doolittle's facilities, he having led the famous ''30 seconds over Tokyo'' raid soon after World War II began - in retaliation for Pearl Harbor. I met Jimmy Doolittle a few times when he was in his nineties and I was employed at Dalmo Victor, an electronic warfare company of which president Doolittle was a personal friend.
1-34HARC notation on facing page: ''Feb 22 - 'America's Town Meeting.' Much on both sides. Kuomintang self-appointed government, black out on Red status and activities (but war time). Lin Yu-tang figures Communists are really so and that they are, in time of war, putting party above nation and sabotaging war effort by propaganda.'' I think (ECP) that ''America's Town Meeting'' was a public-interest forum radio show, much like certain PBS radio shows of today. Lin Yu-tang was a very popular author-philosopher of the time since the 1920s (Mother has a few of his books). I once remarked to a Chinese friend and his wife that I had read Lin's works, and they replied, ''Ah, a cultured Westerner''! The whole matter of the Kuomintang versus the Communists, and America's understandably schizophrenic support of the former, is a subject of some complexity about which tomes have been written (see, e.g., listings in the bibliography). On balance, however, I believe history will prove Yu-tang's assertions regarding Mao Tse-tung's wartime goals to have been true.
1-35Other HARC annotations on opposing page: ''December 3, 1944 (Herald Tribune). Yenan, capital. Mao Tse-tung (corresponds to Stalin - and little could HARC have known how true the analogy! - ECP). Chu Teh, Generalissimo. About one million ''communists'' but practicing democracy. Half million regulars backed by two million partisans. Population probably about 60 million. Moscow aided Chungking but never Reds (but wise?). Basic: Chiang wants to fight Japs now. Reds want promises implemented first.''
1-36HARC annotations after this sentence: ''Agree on 1st, 2nd, 3rd principles - not land owning gentry, others peasants. More like Masons than our political parties but when Constitution adopted will have no more standing than other parties.'' He was probably alluding to the Kuomintang, in regard to which prophecy he was clearly wrong when they fled mainland China to Taiwan in 1949 and there established a virtually one-party government until quite recently, although it is not certain how things would have developed otherwise on the mainland had not the Communists prevailed.
1-37HARC insertion: ''= democracy.''
1-38I toured the Chaing Kai-shek Memorial in Taipei where these ''Three Principles'' are prominently featured in gold on the walls of mastaba-like slabs of which any Third Dynasty Pharoah could be proud. My Chinese host took great care to ensure that I appreciated the relationship between these sentiments and our own Founding Fathers' goals, but didn't seem to appreciate that the source ascription should be to Dr. Sun, and not to his protege, Chaing.
1-39HARC marginal notation: ''Dr. William's influence on Dr. Sun (worker also a consumer and also benefited by higher standard). Dr. Sun patron saint. Mausoleum on Purple Mountain (hundreds of steps).'' HARC's wishes for a peaceful resolution obviously came to naught. Although the Communism of the Soviet Union and its former Eastern European satelllites is no more (1993), the aged Communists from the years of ''The Long March'' still hold sway in Peking (Peiping - what have you).
1-40HARC annotations opposite this page (back of preceding page): ''China has always been inherently a democracy. Officials (examination system) often from humble homes. Village with its headman the unit (settled own problems, etc.) EXAMINATION Yuan - to see if fit and qualified to be voted into office. CONTROL Yuan - FBI and Congressional Committees plus!'' Here HARC is describing the ancient system used to select administrators by examination, reputedly a very open and competitive system. His notations continue, ''New Life Movement - by popular knowledge and support to modernize from soup to nuts ('fly swatting campaign').'' Here he is describing the 20th century movement popularized by Sun Yat Sen; some postal stamps from my collection celebrating the New Life Movement are included here as an inline figure. His notations continue: ''Big changes by one yardstick in my times. 'Forsn't [sp?] have to depend on exaggeration (guerillas, C.I.C., etc.) - truth would have been good enough and caused less disappointment now.'' What he meant by this is not at all clear.
1-41There are varying interpretations of the expression ''gung ho.'' As a former U.S. Marine, I was first taught at Parris Island that the phrase meant ''work together,'' but have since heard other derivations. The World War II movie Carlson's Raiders (Marines who first saw action in the raid on Makin Island in the Pacific and later became the basis for Marine Force Reconnaisance troops) popularized the notion that Major Carlson was responsible for introducing the phrase to the U.S. Marine Corps, for which it has since, of course, become well known (with various derivatives known primarily to members of the Corps such as ''He's a gungie bastard,'' meaning one who is full of the esprit de corps!).
1-42HARC annotation: ''Can now be bought by government at valuation.''
1-43HARC annotation: ''Hsiens will send representatives to adopt Constitution, etc.''
1-44HARC marginal notation: ''Szechuan (4 streams - rivers). 80,000,000 [people] (approx. same [as] Japan + 790010 mile [?!] (app. same density as Java). Inaccessible (Himalayas - Yang-tse gorges). Wonder[ful] climate and territory. Potentially self-contained in nearly all respects. Prepared in 1935 as retreat. Centuries old excellent irrigation system.''
1-45HARC notation: ''Lansing Hoyt.''
1-46HARC marginal notation: ''By 1935 over 50,000 miles of highways built since 1920 and this roadage doubles the next 2 years when Japan struck. Road planning on large scale started 1933. (Powell says 69,000 of which 15,000 surfaced by 1936.) Japan saw what was going on and struck.''
1-47HARC marginal notation: ''Clayton ('Heaven Below') says 'Yea-lo-ho.'''
1-48HARC was not alone in harboring such naive beliefs at the time, and such arguments have, of course, been used many times to ''explain'' why one group of persons is able to suffer ''better'' than another group. Still, it is admittedly disquieting today to read that one may have actually held such beliefs.
1-49HARC marginal notation: ''Coolies always work! Inherently self-respecting. Anxious to help you after carrying a sedan chair all day. No basketball for them, but might watch while sipping a well-earned cup of tea.''
1-50HARC notation: ''Another 'sport' - cricket fighting; vanquished are de-legged. Small cages. Songbirds in larger.'' Both crickets and songbirds are still popular as caged pets in Hong Kong, Taipei and mainland China - though we more often think of the Chinese keeping crickets as tokens of ''good luck'' than for fighting today [ECP].
1-51HARC notation: ''Unlike the Japs, the Chinese have a well-developed sense of humor - somewhat along the lines of our own.'' Well, so much for stereotyping [ECP]!
1-52HARC marginal notation: ''Lunar calendar officially abolished in 1928. Old China New Year now recognized as Spring Festival - going to celebrate anyway in age-honored style!''
1-53HARC notation: ''Uncomfortable restaurants - chairs (though might be strong [?] inlaid mother-of-pearl and draughts.) Watermelon seeds.''
1-54HARC marginal notation: ''Pigs in China an index of prosperity.''
1-55HARC notation: ''Standard dollar established 1932.''
1-56HARC marginal notation: ''Set off prematurely by an accidental bomb explosion at Hankow.''
1-57HARC notation between paragraphs: ''Queue cutting made members irrevocably revolutionaries (republicans) - CHEFOO and his!'' This is presumably an allusion to the cutting of the traditional Chinese male's hairpiece, the queue, or what might today be called a ponytail, and the anger or loss of face which that would entail.
1-58Probably a reference to the period of World War I (1914-1918).
1-59One suspects HARC is here alluding to ''fallen angels,'' ''ladies of the evening,'' ''doves of distress'' - in rough parlance, prostitutes. If so, interesting calculations of ''burn time'' might be made from HARC's quoted 300,000 pounds of wax candles, though not by me!
1-60HARC notation: ''Northern smuggling, supported by military (principally 1935).''
1-61Reference letter as displayed in the next in-line figure.
1-62HARC notation: ''Sabotage very effective. Particularly valuable locally - knowledge of country and hate.''
1-63HARC notation: ''Several hundred thousand; 200,000 nicknamed 'Bamboo Rifles.'''
1-64HARC notation: ''Captured Nov 7, 1914.'' For the younger readers, a quick historical background note: Japan sided with the Allies in World War I (though didn't contribute much). At any rate, its reward included many territories formerly belonging to Germany - including a number of island groups in the Pacific ''mandated'' to it by the League of Nations (hence the term ''Mandate Islands'') on which many persons, then and now, believe Japan immediately began fortifications during the 1920s (and for years the source of one theory regarding Amelia Earhart's disappearance). Certainly many of the islands were virtual fortresses by the opening of World War II - then, however, with Germany as its Axis ally! [ECP]
1-65There's a wonderful Chinese beer with the brand name Tsingtao which I often enjoy with such a meal. Don't know whether it has its origins in city of the same name, but given the latter's German ties, it would certainly be appropriate! [ECP]
1-66HARC marginal notations: ''Er Shi Li Pu - tobacco.'' ''Lucy Aldrich - Blue Express - 1923. 'LIN CHENG' outrage. Daughter of Senator Aldrich of Rhode Island and sister-in-law of John D., Jr. Abandoned in mountains and made own way back.''
1-67HARC marginal notation: ''Mirdza Nina - nom de plume, nom de guerre.''