Mr. Haskell
E-core history
17 May 2004
Chapter 32-33 Outline
Ch. 32
I. The Changing Political Climate
A. The Great Liberation
1. In the 1930�s nationalist movement swept through Africa, Asia, and the Middle East.
2. Ghandi wanted independence for India at the end of WWII.
3. Almost 100 new countries emerged during the Cold War.
B. The Cold War goes Global
1. During the Cold war many countries stayed nonaligned which was not allied to anybody in the Cold War.
2. The U.S. and Soviet Union supported opposite sides in the Cold War.
3. The Cold War ended in 1991.
C. New Nation Seek Stability
1. Many nations inherited random borders which mixed colonial rulers and this created ethnic rivalries.
2. All the new nations created by colonies wrote their own constitutions.
3. When problems arose authoritarian leaders usually took over in these colonies.
D. The Shrinking Globe
1. Interdependence is the dependence on other countries for goods, knowledge, and resources.
2. As there become more and more transportation and communication technology then a lot more countries became interdependent.
3. The World Bank and International Monetary fund make loans to developing nations.
E. Enduring Issues
1. After the drop of the atomic bomb many countries have spent millions of their nuclear arsenals.
2. In 1968 many nations signed the Nuclear Non-proliferation treaty which was made them not have the ability to spread nuclear weapons.
3. Since the 1960s terrorist has increased and the use of nuclear weapons was a good choice.
II. Global Economic Trends
A. The Global North and South: Two Worlds of Development
1. The Cold war split the West and the East apart with capitalism and communism.
2. The northern nations control most of the world�s wealth.
3. The Southern nations are considered the poorer nations of the world.
B. Economic Interdependence
1. Every nation is linked to another by financial and trading ties.
2. Multinational corporations are enterprises with branches in many different countries.
3. Privatization is the selling off of state own industries to private investors.
C. Obstacles to development
1. It is very hard for some countries to gain modernization and economic independence.
2. There are three problems that developing countries face, that is geography, population, poverty, economic dependence, economic policies, and political instability.
3. Each developing country has their own set of problems that keep them from reaching their economic goal.
D. Economic development and The Environment
1. The environment is slowly dieing and once it dies we will too.
2. Gases from power plants and factories created acid rain in all parts of the world.
3. Acid Rain is a form of pollution in which toxic chemicals in the air come back to earth as rain, snow, or hail.
III. Changing patterns of life
A. The Village: Continuity and Change
1. Village people live in house usually made of stones, clay bricks, or sticks plastered over with mud.
2. In many villages people are always up before sunrise.
3. Some villages have stayed the same for centuries but others have changed dramatically due to man influences.
B. Old Ways and New
1. Urbanization always was a good thing for the people giving them better paying jobs and more choices in life.
2. Westernization was the influence of western ideas in a given area.
3. There was something in Latin America called the Liberation Theology which was a movement that urged the Roman Catholic Church to take a more active role in changing the social conditions that contribute to poverty and oppression.
C. New Rights and Roles for Women
1. In the European nations more and more women began to vote.
2. In the western countries women began to leave the home and work in factories and get jobs.
3. In some developing nations the women worked actively in nationalism.
D. Science and Technology
1. Starting in 1945 technology has been changing the world in more ways than one.
2. The first computer was built in the 1940s.
3. In 1957 when the Russians launched Sputnik the space age began.
E. A New International Culture
1. Radio, television, satellites, fax machines, and computer networks has connected people all around the world.
2. Ever since WWII fads and fashions have grabbed people�s attention.
3. The exchanging of ideas all around the world has given birth to sum of the best works of art around.
F. Looking Ahead
1. As new fads and fashions emerge new problems and issues will come with it.
2. Even though people only started to notice the trends in 1945 doesn�t mean they never existed before.
3. It is said that man will probably always be fascinated by these trends.
Ch. 33
I. The Western World: An Overview
A. The Cold War in Europe
1. Berlin was the main area of tension during the Cold War.
2. During the Cold War there were many ups and downs.
3. By the 1970s the Cold war was basically finished and tensions were decreased immensely.
B. Recovery and Growth in Western Europe
1. The western European countries recovered fast with the help of the marshal plan aid.
2. A Welfare State is a state in which the government of that state keeps all the features of capitalist economy but listens to the people a lot more.
3. The socialist supported the welfare states and believed they were good for the people.
C. Toward European Unity
1. Europe�s recovery from WWII was helped very much by the creation of the European Coal and Steel Community.
2. In 1957 the same nations that helped create the European Coal and Steel Community signed a treaty to form the European Community or Common Market.
3. The common market took the name the European Union in the 1990s.
D. Social Trends
1. By the 1950s more and more people began to make up the middle class.
2. Many of the people that migrated into Europe from Asia, Africa, or the Caribbean faced a lot of discrimination.
3. In 1949 a writer named Simone de Beauvoir wrote how the status of women was very bad but was slowly changing for the better.
II. The Western European Democracies
A. Britain: Government and the Economy
1. WWII completely destroyed Britain and drained its economy immensely.
2. By 1979 Britain was far behind everyone in the area of economy.
3. After WWII the Britain Empire shrank quickly by losing its colonies all around the world.
B. France: Revival and Prosperity
1. France was in the same position as Britain after WWII.
2. In 1958 General Charles de Gaulle set up the Fifth French Republic.
3. De Gaulle worked extremely hard to get France back on track.
C. Germany: Reunited at Last
1. By 1945 Germany was divided by feuds among the allies.
2. When the cold war began American sent a lot of money towards the West German economy in order to stop the tide of communism.
3. The Soviet Union exploited the East German workforce.
D. Other Democratic Nations of the West
1. Norway, Sweden, and Denmark created socialist welfare programs to recover quickly after WWII.
2. In Italy after the war many of the people in the rural areas were extremely poor.
3. In Spain, Portugal, and Greece rebuilding the economy after the war took a lot longer.
III. North American Prosperity
A. The United States and the Cold War
1. By 1945 the United States was considered the world�s largest and most powerful superpower.
2. The United States built bases and military alliances all across the world.
3. During the Cold War there were many anti-communist groups that were created.
B. Economy and the Role of Government
1. Throughout the world the economy constantly grew.
2. Eisenhower tried to reduce the government role in the economy.
3. Kennedy wanted to provide free health care for the elderly.
C. The Civil Rights Movement
1. Even though African Americans were now free they were still discriminated against.
2. Dr. Martin Luther King became a big civil rights leader.
3. Soon the government banned segregation.
D. The United States and the Global Economy
1. The United States profited good from the growing economy.
2. American factories faced tough competition against foreign factories.
3. No matter what happened the United States stayed popular.
E. Postwar Canada
1. Even though Canada was free they still had links to Britain.
2. Canada was one of the major industrial powers.
3. When NAFTA was created trade routs opened up all around the U.S.
IV. The Soviet Union: Rise and fall of a Superpower
A. Stalin�s successors
1. The Soviet Union came out of WWII as a superpower.
2. Nikita Khrushchev was the new Soviet leader after Stalin.
3. Leonid Brezhnev took over after Khrushchev was removed from office.
B. The Soviet Enemy
1. In 1957 the Soviet�s launched Sputnik I.
2. When Stalin died neither of his successors could resolve the economy problems.
3. It was very hard for the Russian people to buy things due to the low economy.
C. Foreign Policy Issues
1. The Americans allied South Korea and South Vietnam while the Soviet Union allied North Korea and North Vietnam.
2. In 1961 when the Berlin wall was being built Cold war tensions rose.
3. Khrushchev invested in the building of nuclear missiles while Brezhnev took interest in the military build up of the Soviet Union.
D. Collapse of the Soviet Empire
1. The ideas that Mikhail Gorbachev made reality tore the Soviet Union apart.
2. Gorbachev did things like end censorship which gave people a lot more freedom to express themselves but also freedom to psychologically hurt other people.
3. The Rapid changes that Gorbachev made created economic turmoil.
E. The Russian Republic
1. By the 1990s nothing good was happening to Russia�s economy.
2. Yeltsin believed that to end the economic turmoil he had to privatize more state-run industries and collective farms.
3. Once the Soviet Union fell Russia decreased the amount of nuclear weapons it had.
F. The Other Republics
1. Like Russia many other governments in different countries wanted to build stable governments.
2. Ethnic violence erupted all over the world with every ethnicity having a different view on the way their government should be run.
3. The republics of Ukraine, Kazakhstan, and Belarus gave up all their nuclear weapons in return for trading privileges.
V. A New Era in Eastern Europe
A. In the Soviet Orbit
1. By 1945 soviet Armies occupied much of Eastern Europe.
2. As the fear during the Cold War increased so did Russia�s grip on its satellites.
3. In 1956 a communist reformer named Imre Nagy gained power in Hungary.
B. Poland�s Struggle toward Democracy
1. The Satellite Poland was the Soviet Unions most troubling satellite.
2. In 1980 economic hardship ignited strikes of shipyard workers in the port of Gdansk.
3. By the late 1980s Gorbachev declared he would not interfere in Eastern Europe.
C. Revolution and Freedom
1. In 1989 communist governments begin to fall.
2. Now ever since 1945 the Eastern European countries were able to settle there problems by themselves.
3. Once the Eastern European countries were free they all set out to build their own stable governments.
D. War Comes to Sarajevo
1. After the fall of communism a wave of nationalism tore Yugoslavia apart.
2. Even though Bosnia was independent it was still divided in two.
3. The conditions in Sarajevo became unbearable as Serbian troops shelled everything in their way.
E. Looking Ahead.
1. By 1995 the U.S. were able to finally bring the two warring parties to Dayton, Ohio where a series of agreements were made.
2. NATO forces were sent to Bosnia to set in these agreements and create peace.
3. By 1990 the U.S. struggled with keeping peace in Bosnia but the Serb forces advanced no matter what.