App. 3000 B.C.: |
Kashmir clan is named
in Mahabharata. |
2629-2564 B.C.: |
Rule by King Sandiman. |
2082-2041 B.C.: |
Rule by King Sunder
Sen rules Kashmir. |
1048-1008 B.C.: |
King Nara rules Kashmir. |
250 B.C.: |
Shrinagari (today's
Srinagar is located about three miles from Shrinagari) near the ancient
capital Pandhrenatha is founded by Ashoka the Great. |
7th century: |
King Lalitaditya builds
the famous Sun temple and formed the city of Pharihaspura. |
813-850: |
Pampore was founded
by Padma, during the rule of King Ajatapida |
855-883: |
King Avantivarman builds
the town of Avantipur and the famous Sun temple. |
883-902: |
King Shankaravarman
builds Shankarapura-pattan (now known as Pattan). |
1128-1149: |
Reign of King Jayasim. |
mid-12th: |
Muslim invasion of
Kashmir. |
1322 |
Turks, under ferocious
Zulkadur Khan, first invade Kashmir. |
1394-1416: |
Central Asian ruler,
Sikander invades Kashmir and brings about mass conversion to Islam. After
the tyranny of Sikander was over, only eleven Kashmiri Hindu families survive. |
1540: |
Mirz Haidar, a relative
of Humayun (of the Moghul invader dynasty) conquers Kashmir. Kashmir gradually
absorbed into Moghul Empire. |
1810-1820: |
Maharajah Ranjit Singh,
one of the greatest rulers of India, regains Jammu and appointed his Dogra
feudatory Gulab Singh to rule the State. |
Mar 16, 1846: |
The
present State is created by a treaty between the British East India
Company acting on behalf of the British Government and Maharajah Gulab
Singh in Amritsar. |
1931: |
One of the worst communal
riots led by Sheikh Abdullah and his Muslim Conference. |
1939: |
Muslim Conference becomes
the National Conference. |
Aug 15, 1947: |
India gains independence.
The ruler of Kashmir, Maharaja Hari Singh yet to make up his mind regarding
accession. |
Oct 22, 1947: |
Pakistan violates the
Standstill Agreement by preventing essential supplies to the State, then
hoards of armed Pakistani tribesman entered Kashmir. |
Oct 26, 1947: |
Hari Singh signs the
instrument
of accession, it is no different than the one signed by over 500 other
rulers. The accession of Kashmir was accepted by the Governor General of
India Lord Mountbatten. |
Oct 27, 1947: |
The first Indian forces
arrived in Kashmir to defend against Pakistani troops. |
Dec 31, 1947: |
A highly unconstitutional
offer of plebiscite was made by Prime Minister Nehru in the U.N. |
Jan 1, 1948: |
India under Nehru declares
a unilateral cease-fire and under Article 35 of the U.N. Charter, India
files a complaint with the U.N. Security Council. Pakistan still controls
2/5 of the State. |
Jan 20, 1948: |
The U.N. Security Council
in its resolution of establishes the United Nations Commission for India
and Pakistan (UNCIP). |
Jul 1948: |
Mohd. Zafrulla Khan,
then the Foreign Minister of Pakistan and principal Delegate of Pakistan
in the U.N. admits to the U.N. Commission for India and Pakistan that the
Pakistani Army had been in Kashmir. |
Aug 13, 1948: |
UNCIP adopts a resolution
on Kashmir accepted by both India and Pakistan. Pakistan is blamed for
the invasion of Kashmir and is instructed to withdraw its forces from Kashmir. |
Jan 1, 1949: |
Amidst great tension,
one minute before midnight, India and Pakistan concluded a formal cease
fire agreement. |
Jan 5, 1949: |
Almost a year after
Nehru's offer of plebiscite, the UNCIP
passes a resolution that states that, "The question of accession of
the state of Jammu and Kashmir to India or Pakistan will be decided through
the democratic method of free and impartial plebiscite". However, Pakistan
has yet to comply with the earlier resolution and withdraw from the State.
Also, Pakistan is now busy changing the demographic composition of the
State. |
1949: |
Not withstanding the
opposition by several authors of the Indian Constitution, including Dr.
Ambedkar, its chief architect, Article
370 was inserted in the constitution of India. This article is meant
as a temporary measure, to be in effect until the formal constitution of
Jammu and Kashmir is drafted. |
Jun 1948: |
Sheikh
Abdullah declares, "We the people of Jammu and Kashmir, have thrown
our lot with Indian people not in the heat of passion or a moment of despair,
but by a deliberate choice. The union of our people has been fused by the
community of ideals and common sufferings in the cause of freedom". |
1949: |
Following the cabinet
decision taken by the Abdullah Government, Hari Singh steps down. Hari
Singh's son, Karan Singh is named his successor. |
Apr 1950 |
UN Security Council
appoints Sir Owen Dixon as the UN representative in place of UNCIP to find
expeditious and enduring solution to the India-Pakistan dispute over Kashmir. |
Oct 1950: |
General Council of
the National Conference demands elections to create a Constituent Assembly. |
Sep 1951: |
Elections for the Constituent
Assembly are held The National Conference wins all 45 seats unopposed. |
Oct 1951: |
Constituent Assembly
of the State of Jammu and Kashmir is inaugurated. |
Nov 5, 1951: |
The Constituent Assembly
is given four tasks by Sheikh Abdullah which including the accession to
India. |
Nov-Dec 1951: |
Karan Singh steps down
as the ruler, and is elected by the Constituent Assembly of the Jammu and
Kashmir State as Sardar- i-Riyasat (Governor). |
1952: |
Jana Sangh begins campaign
called "Ek Vidhan Ek Pradhan" (One Constitution, one leader) and demands
that the State of Jammu and Kashmir be totally integrated into India and
that the people from the other States be able to visit Jammu and Kashmir
without a passport. |
1952: |
Jana Sang leader Shyamaprasad
Mukherjee dies in a Kashmiri Jail under mysterious circumstances. |
Aug 9, 1953: |
Sheikh Abdullah is
arrested. He had turned corrupt and autocrat. He tried to hold India for
ransom by giving increasingly anti-India speeches and preserve his power. |
Feb 1954: |
Under the leadership
of Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad DEMOCRATICALLY ELECTED Constituent Assembly of
the State of Jammu and Kashmir ratified the State's accession to India. |
May 14, 1954: |
The President of India
promulgates the Constitution (Application to Jammu and Kashmir) Order placing
on a final footing the applicability of the other provisions of the Indian
Constitution to Jammu and Kashmir. |
1956: |
Constitution (Seventh
Amendment) Act 1956, the category of Part B State was aboilished and Jammu
and Kashmir was included as one of the States of India under Article I.
However, Article 370 of the Indian constitution is still retained. |
Jan 26, 1957: |
After the formal inauguration
of its constitution, the Constituent Assembly dissolves itself. |
1958: |
All-India services
extended to J and K through an amendment in Article 312. |
1964: |
Sheikh Abdullah released
from the prison. |
1965: |
Pakistan attacks India,
in operation code named, Gibraltar. The defeat of Pakistan results in the
Tashkent
Agreement between the two countries. |
Mar 30, 1965: |
Article 249 of Indian
Constitution extended to Jammu and Kashmir whereby the center could legislate
on any matter enumerated in state list (just like in any other State in
the Union). Designations like Prime Minister and President of the State
are replace by Chief Minister and Governor. |
1971: |
Pakistani attack on
India results in the third war between the two countries. Pakistan is completely
defeated, over 90,000 of its men surrendered. |
1972: |
India and Pakistan
sign the Shimla
Pact. Two agree to respect the line of control until the issue is finally
resolved. |
Feb 24-25, 1975: |
Following an accord
signed by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi and Sheikh Abdullah on February
24, 1975, Jammu and Kashmir is made a "Constituent Unit" of India on February
25, 1975. Through this accord Indian Parliament reaffirms its right to
legislate on any matter concerning the territory of the State. |
1977: |
National Conference
wins the first post-Emergency elctions. |
1982: |
Sheikh Abdullah nominates
his son, Farooq Abdullah as his successor setting up a political rivalry
between Farooq Abdullah and his brother-in-law G. M. Shah. |
1986: |
In one of the most
shameful acts of religious massacre, several ancient historical Hindu temples
are destroyed and scores of Hindus were killed in the city of Anantnag.
Chief Minister G. M. Shah looses power to his brother-in-law Farooq Abdullah. |
1990-1991: |
In a spate of terrorist
violence, 2400 people have died so far, and 300,000 people have been driven
out of their homes. Pakistan's involvement in this carnage of violence
is beyond doubt. |