Lecture 4
Primates



What is a Primate?
	Generalized skeleton
		Overview of skeleton
		Clavicle & 5 Digits
	Grasping hands and feet
		Highly mobile digits & divergent big toe & thumb
		Nails and finger pads
	Improved vision
		Orbits convergent (depth perception)
		Post-orbital Bar & often enclosed sockets
		Color vision in most forms
	Reduced snout & sense of smell
	Teeth (Dental Formula)
		Types of teeth
		Primitive mammalian Formula; 3-1-4-3
		Loss of some teeth
		Simple molars; 3, 4, or 5 cusps
	Expanded brain
	Delayed maturation
		Long period of learning
		Few offspring; K-selected
	Arboreal lifestyle
		Visual Predation Theory
		Fruit-dominated Diet, but not specialized
Primate behavior
	Sexual dimorphism
		Body size
		Other traits
	Locomotion
		Quadrapedalism- long body, equal arms and legs
			Arboreal- shorter arms and legs, longer tail
			Terrestrial- longer arms and legs, shorter tail
		Vertical clinging and leaping- long legs, long fingers
		Brachiating- long arms, short legs, short trunk, long fingers
		Knuckle-walking- specialized form for terrestrial movement of a brachiator
	Social structures
		Unimale, Unifemale- little sexual dimorphism
		Unimale, Multifemale- moderate sexual dimorphism 
		Multimale, Unifemale- little sexual dimorphism
		Multimale, Multifemale- great sexual dimorphism
	Communication
		Dominance hierarchies & displays
		Grooming and affiliative behavior
		Play
	Diet Types
		Insectivorous
		Frugivorous
		Folivorous
		Omnivorous
	Diurnal (active in day) vs nocturnal (active at night)
Taxonomy and Phylogenetics
	Classification
		Taxons
		Linnean Hierarchy
	Trees of relatedness
		Primitive vs derived traits
		Homologous vs analogous traits
	Fish Exercise
	Hand out and explain assignment
Video