Foreword | v |
Preface | vii |
1. Preliminaries | |
1.1 The Vector Concept Revisited | 1 |
1.2 A First Look at Tensors | 2 |
1.3 Assumed Background | 3 |
1.4 More on the Notion of a Vector | 5 |
2. Transformations and Vectors | |
2.1 Change of Basis | 9 |
2.2 Dual Bases | 10 |
2.3 Transformation to the Reciprocal Frame | 14 |
2.4 Transformation Between General Frames | 16 |
2.5 Covariant and Contravariant Components | 18 |
2.6 The Cross Product in Index Notation | 19 |
2.7 Closing Remarks | 22 |
3. Tensors | |
3.1 Dyadic Quantities and Tensors | 23 |
3.2 Tensors from an Operator Viewpoint | 24 |
3.3 Dyadic Components Under Transformation | 28 |
3.4 More Dyadic Operations | 30 |
3.5 Properties of Second Rank Tensors | 34 |
3.6 Extending the Dyad Idea | 48 |
3.7 Tensors of the Fourth and Higher Ranks | 50 |
4. Tensor Fields | |
4.1 Vector Fields | 53 |
4.2 Differentials and the Nabla Operator | 62 |
4.3 Differentiation of a Vector Function | 67 |
4.4 Derivatives of the Frame Vectors | 67 |
4.5 Christoffel Coefficients and their Properties | 68 |
4.6 Covariant Differentiation | 73 |
4.7 Covariant Derivative of a Second Rank Tensor | 74 |
4.8 Differential Operations | 76 |
4.9 Orthogonal Coordinate Systems | 81 |
4.10 Some Formulas of Integration | 85 |
4.11 Norms on Spaces of Vectors and Tensors | 88 |
5. Elements of Differential Geometry | 93 |
5.1 Elementary Facts from the Theory of Curves | 93 |
5.2 The Torsion of a Curve | 94 |
5.3 Serret-Frenet Equations | 101 |
5.4 Elements of the Theory of Surfaces | 106 |
5.5 The. Second Fundamental Form of a Surface | 117 |
5.6 Derivation Formulas | 122 |
5.7 Implicit
Representation of a Curve; Contact of Curves |
125 |
5.8 Osculating Paraboloid | 131 |
5.9 The Principal Curvatures of a Surface | 133 |
5.10 Surfaces of Revolution | 138 |
5.11 Natural Equations of a Curve | 140 |
5.12 A Word About Rigor | 142 |
5.13 Conclusion | 145 |
Appendix A Formulary | 147 |
Appendix B Hints and Answers | 165 |
Bibliography | 187 |
Index | 189 |