The Kingdom of Lesotho, or simply Lesotho, is a country in southern Africa. It is a land-locked country, entirely surrounded by the Republic of South Africa. Formerly Basutoland, it is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. The name Le-sotho roughly translates into "the land of the people who speak Sotho".

According to recent estimates, the HIV/AIDS prevalence rate in Lesotho is about 29%, one of the highest rates in the world. The United Nations estimates that this rate will rise to 36% within the next 15 years, resulting in a sharp drop in life expectancy. According to the Lesotho Bureau of Statistics, in 2001 life expectancy was estimated at 48 for men and 56 for women. Recent statistics estimate that life expectancy has fallen to an average of about 37 years.

The government of Lesotho was initially slow to recognize the scale of the HIV/AIDS crisis, and its efforts to date in combating the spread of the disease have met with limited success. In 1999, the government finalized its Strategic Plan on HIV/AIDS, a diagram for addressing the education, prevention, counseling, and treatment needs of the populace. In late 2003, the government announced that it was forming a new National AIDS Commission to coordinate society-wide anti-AIDS activities. Also in 2003 the Government of Lesotho hosted a SADC Extraordinary Summit on HIV/AIDS.

Short of trained personnel and medical supplies, Lesotho is severely afflicted by HIV/AIDS.

Full country name: Kingdom of Lesotho 
Area: 30,355 sq km 
Population: 2,022,331 
people living with HIV/AIDS: 320,000 
Language: Sesotho (southern Sotho), English (official), Zulu, Xhosa 
Religion: Christian 80%, indigenous beliefs 20% 
Government: parliamentary constitutional monarchy 
Head of State: Pakalitha Mosisili
Climate: temperate; cool to cold, dry winters; hot, wet summers 
Major Industries: food, beverages, textiles, apparel assembly, handicrafts, construction, tourism 
Imports partners: Hong Kong 43%, China 23.4%, India 5.5%, South Korea 5.1%, Germany 4.4% 
Currency: loti (LSL); South African rand (ZAR)