Direct v Indirect Speech

Generally speaking, we shift tenses one step back in indirect speech. How do we, however, sometimes shift the present perfect in colloquial speech?
1. present perfect
2. past perfect
3. present simple
4. past simple
Generally speaking, we shift tenses one step back in indirect speech. How do we, however, sometimes shift the past simple in colloquial speech?
1. past simple
2. past perfect
3. present perfect
4. present simple
Generally speaking, we shift tenses one step back in indirect speech. How do we, however, sometimes shift the past continuous in colloquial speech?
1. past continuous
2. present continuous
3. past perfect
4. present perfect
When the activity in the reported sentence is still true at the moment of the present, how do we change the tenses?
1. We may shift tenses one step back, but we may also keep the same tenses.
2. We have to shift tenses one step back -- always.
3. We may shift tenses as we please.
4. We mustn't shift tenses at all.
What word order is used in reported questions?
1. S-V-O-A
2. V-S-O-A
3. Auxiliary Verb + Subject + Full Verb + Object + Adverbial
4. Adverbial + Object + Subject + Verb
What is the following sentence an example of?
He told Matthew to be careful.
1. Indirect Speech
2. Direct Speech
What is the following sentence an example of?
I suggested that he try the new procedures.
1. Indirect Speech
2. Direct Speech