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Ajowan
Trachyspermum ammi (Family, Apiaceae (Umbelliferae))
Source: fruits or seeds or whole aerial plant, India
Production Method: steam distillation
Aroma Type: herbaceous spicy
Safety Information: untested oil. Avoid during pregnancy, possible dermal sensitization Irritant.
Allspice Berry
Pimenta officinalis (Family, Myrtaceae)
Its spicy scent often used in potpourris. and used to flavor beverages, sweets and other foods. warming, cheering, sense enhancing. Warning Avoid use in Sun.
AKA Pimento P. dioica.More on Allspice
Source: fruits, Cuba, Mexico and United States
Production Method: steam distillation
Aroma Type: spicy
Traditional Use: aphrodisiac
Blends Well With: ginger, geranium, lavender, labdanum, ylang ylang, patchouli, orris
Safety Information: use � recommended dilution or less; can cause skin irritation
Almond (sweet)
Prunus amygdalus, P. dulcis (Family, Rosaceae)
Obtained from the Nut of the tree and native to Asia and the Mediterranean this oil is a favourite Carrier oil for Essential oil aromatherapy blends. it is used in itself for moisturizing skin.
Ambrete seed
Abelmoscyhus moschatus AKA Hibiscus abelmoschus (Family, Malvaceae)
This has a sweet, floral musky, aroma which gets better after a few months of storage, and works well with many other oils. Used in Muscle aches and pains related to fatigue and poor circulation. Can be used as an anti-depressant
Source: seed, France
Production Method: steam distillation
Aromatherapy Class: balancing calming
Aroma Type: spicy
Traditional Use: emollient aphrodisiac
Blends Well With: neroli,olibanum, rose, sandalwood, other floral oils
Amyris
Amyris balsamifera, Schimmelia oleifera (Family, Rutaceae)
Calming and an aid to stress relief. It has sedative properties and helps meditation. AKA Sandalwood Amyris
Source: wood, West Indies
Production Method: steam distillation
Aromatherapy Class: grounding, energizing. toning, balancing
Aroma Type: woodsy
Traditional Use: muscle relaxant, emollient, soothing agent, stimulant
Blends Well With: lavandin, citronella, cedarwood
Angelica Root
Angelica archangelica, A. officinalis, A. glauca (Family, Apiaceae [Umbelleferae])
Production Method: steam distillation
Source: Root, France India, Germany, Hungary
Blends Well With: patchouli, clary sage, citrus oils, frankincense
Safety Information: Avoid during pregnancy Avoid use in the sun
A warm, musky, earthy aroma with excellent staying power. Only small quantities are needed to create an effect in a perfume. Aromatherapy: anchoring, restorative, strengthening, used for depression. Oil can also come from the seed.
Main Constituents: Phellandrene, pinene, limonene, linalol, borneol.
Aniseed
Illicium verum (Family, Illiciaceae)
Production Method: steam distillation
Source: seed, India, China, Spain
Blends Well With: Lavender, orange, pine, bay
Safety Information: should be avoided by pregnant women
The seeds of aniseed have long been used as an aid to digestion. The Essential oil has a sweet, fresh aroma and can be used for any cramping, indigestion, or digestive problems, (though not internally), and for spasmodic coughs. AKA Star Anise.
Anise
Pimpinella anisum, Anisum officinalis (Family, Apiaceae [Umbelliferae])
Cheering, sense enhancing, mildly euphoric. Added to perfumes for a rich, sweet fragrance. Aids relaxation and emotional balance.
Source: ripe fruit, China
Production Method: steam distillation
Aromatherapy Class: energizing, toning
Aroma Type: anise
Traditional Use: deodorant
Blends Well With: amyris, bay, cardamon, caraway, cedarwood, coriander, fennel, galbanum, mandarin
Safety Information: slight dermal toxicity; use recommended dilution or less
Apricot Kernel
Armeniaca vulgaris, Prunis armeniaca (Family, Rosaceae)
This nut oil, from Asia, is another oil used as a carrier. Believed to be good for the skin.
Arjowan
Trachyspermum ammi, T. copticum (Family, Apiaceae)
Good for circulation and muscular problems. Warning Due to slight toxicity use sparingly, especially if you have sensitive skin.
Armoise
Artemisia, vulgaris
Source: entire plant, France
Production Method: steam distillation
Aromatherapy Class: balancing, stimulating, energizing, toning
Aroma Type: aromatic
Traditional Use: emollient, soothing agent, muscle relaxant
Blends Well With: patchouli, rosemary, lavandin, sage, clary sage, cedarwood, cedar leaf
Safety Information: should be avoided by pregnant women
Avocado
Persea americana, Persea gratissima (Family, Lauraceae)
This oil is added to carrier oils, up to 20% as an aid to skin moisturizing. Warning May be toxic in large amounts
Babassu
Orbignya barbosiana (Family, Arecaceae)
From the Amazon this Palm tree is used for many purposes. The oil is from the nut and may be used as a carrier oil. This soothing oil has been used for stretch marks.
Balsam Peru
Myroxylon balsamum var. pererae (Family, Fabaceae [Legumunosae])
Used on chafed skin to soothe. Exotic aroma, anchoring, strengthening and imparts a rich, earthy scent to perfumes..
Basil
Osimum basilicum (Family, Labiatae)
Invigorates body and spirit: helps refresh the mind allowing concentration, especially when tired. A good nerve tonic after a stressful day. It has a sweet liquorices-like fragrance, Blends well with Lavender, Bergamot, Clary Sage and Geranium. Warning Do not use Basil during pregnancy, can be a skin irritant.
Also East Indian Basil, (O. gratissimum) and Hairy Basil (O. Canum) and lots more.
Source: leaves, Madagascar, France
Production Method: steam distillation
Aromatherapy Class: soothing, energizing, toning
Aroma Type: anise
Traditional Use: deodorant, soothing agent, insect repellent, muscle relaxant
Blends Well With: bergamot, black pepper, clary sage, geranium, hyssop, lavender, marjoram, neroli,
Safety Information: use recommended dilution or less
Main Constituents: Linalol, methyl chavicol, eugenol, limonene, citronella.
Bay Leaf
Pimenta racemosa (Family, Myrtaceae)
Uplifting. A good scalp and hair tonic, and for Respiratory disorders and depression. Can be stimulating to the memory.
AKA West Indian Bay. Laurel AKA Sweet Bay. (Laurus noblis) is also a Bay.
Source: leaves, West Indies
Production Method: steam distillation
Aromatherapy Class: stimulating, energizing
Aroma Type: spicy
Traditional Use: aphrodisiac
Blends Well With: coriander, eucalyptus, ginger, juniper berry, lavender, lemon, marjoram, orange, rose, rosemary, thyme, ylang ylang
Safety Information: use � recommended dilution or less; can cause skin irritation
Beechnut
Fagus grandifolia, F. sylvatica (Family, Fagaceae)
A soothing oil from the nut is used as a carrier.
Ben
Moringa oleifera, M. pterygosperma (Family, Moringaceae)
From the seeds this oil is used in skin care.
Benzoin tincture
Styax benzoin, S. tonkinensis (Family, Styacaceae)
Soothes, stimulates, comforts and warms. Add to carrier oil/cream for protecting skin against chapping or cracking.
AKA Friars Balsam. Other Oils; Balsam of Tolu (Myroxylon balsamum), Balsam of Peru (M. balsamum var, Pereirae), Styrax (Liquidamber orientalis).
Bergamot
Citrus bergamia (Family, Rutaceae)
Relaxes and refreshes and is good for confidence building. Uplifts the spirit and emotions with its delicious fresh and invigorating citrus fragrance. Useful for caring for oily and blemished skin. Lovely light citrus aroma. Use in vaporiser to disperse unpleasant odours. It is familiar to many as the flavouring in Earl Grey Tea. Warning Do not apply to the skin before going out into the sun - It can increase the susceptibility of the skin to severe burning.
A bergapten free Bergamot is available which reduces the susceptability to photosensitising.
Source: fruit peel, Italy, Ivory Coast
Production Method: expression
Aromatherapy Class: calming, balancing
Aroma Type: citrus
Skin Type: oily, blemished, normal to combination
Traditional Use: antiseptic, deodorant, perfume, soothing agent, skin conditioner
Blends Well With: chamomile, coriander, cypress, geranium, juniper, lavender, lemon, neroli, ylang ylang
Safety Information: photo toxic
Main Constituents: Linalyl, acetate, linalol, sequiterpenes, terpenes, furocoumarins.
Birch, Sweet.
Betula lenta, B. capinefolia (Family, Betulaceae)
This has a sweet, bracing aroma. It is said to be effective on arthritic and muscular pain and can be a stimulant to the circulation, but is rarely used in Aromatherapy. Warning Is slightly toxic and smells like Sweets. Keep secure.
Birch, White.
Betula alba (Family, Betulaceae)
Can help to clear the skin and help with psoriasis and ezcema. Believed to assist in removing toxins and boosting the circulation.
Source: wood and bark, France
Production Method: steam distillation
Aroma Type: woodsy
Traditional Use: soothing agent, muscle relaxant
Blends Well With: patchouli, vetiver, copaila
Safety Information: should be avoided by pregnant women
Black Current Seed & Bud
Rives nigrum (Family, Grossulariaceae)
This Asian and European plant provides oil from the seeds and the buds, The seed oil is used as an up to 20% carrier oil addition and bud oil is a very expensive ingredient for perfumery and in foods. The seed oil has been used in PMS problems. The berry is a very high source of Vitamin C.
Black Pepper
Piper nigrum (Family, Piperceae)
With a pungent aroma it stimulates and tones. Warming oil during the cold winter season. Ideal for massaging on abdomen and muscles. Use in pre-sports or dance rub to help maintain suppleness. One of the earliest used spices, Interesting effects happen when it is used in perfume blends. It blends well with Rose, Rosemary, Marjoram and Lavender, but should only be used in small amounts. Warning Black Pepper can be a skin irritant, so must be used with care.
Source: fruits, India and Indonesia
Production Method: steam distillation
Aroma Type: spicy
Traditional Use: muscle relaxant, aphrodisiac
Blends Well With: olibanum, sandalwood, lavender, rosemary, marjoram
Main Constituents: Thujene, pinene, camphene, sabinene, carene, myrcene, limonene, phellandrene, beta-caryohyllene.
Borage
Borago officinalis (Family, Boraginaceae)
From the seeds this oil is high in GLA (gamma-linoleic acid), reputed to slow down the skins aging processes. It isused as part of a carrier oil, to 25%
Brazil nut
Bertholletia excelsa (Family, Lecythidaceae)
Another nut carrier oil from the Amazon. As it is liable to become rancid quickly this oil needs special attention to storage in a dark cool place.
Cabreuva
Myrocarpus fastigiatus (Family, Fabaceae)
The oil of this South American tree has warming and calming characteristics with claimed aphrodisiac qualities. Believed to be a good oil for clearing the mind and increasing alertness.
Cade
Juniperus oxycedrus (Family, Cupressaceae)
Source: wood, France
Production Method: steam distillation
Used by vets for parasitic skin problems, for lice etc. Also used in perfumery for men and as a food flavouring for a smoky taste.
Cajaput
Melaleuca cajaputi (Family, Myrtaceae)
Improves mood, increases resistance to infections. A good 'unwinding' oil. Can be used in a Steam inhalation to help clear the nasal passages, also helpful when treating oily skin and spots.
Warning: Cajaput is a stimulant and an irritant and must be used with care.
Source: leaves and stems, Indonesia
Production Method: steam distillation
Aromatherapy Class: soothing, stimulating, energizing
Aroma Type: camphoraceous
Skin Type: blemished
Traditional Use: antiseptic, deodorant, insect repellent
Blends Well With: bergamot, birch, cardamon, clove, geranium, lavender, myrtle, nutmeg, rose, thyme
Main Constituents: Cineol, terpoineol, pinene, eucalyptol, nerolidol.
Calendula
Calendula officinalis (Family, Asteraceae)
Good for skin infections, wounds, rashes, bites and inflammations. Also used for other inflammations, e.g. hemorrhoids and rheumatism. (See also Marigold.)
Calamint (catnip)
Calamintha clinopodium, C. grandiflora, C. officialis, Nepeta cataria, Saurreja calamintha (Family, Lamiaceae)
Turn your feline friend into a nutter.. :-) Cats do become out of it in the presence of Catnip. Humans also have their moods uplifted and it is supposed to improve mental clarity and alertness. Aids in pain reduction.
Calamus (Sweet Flag)
Acorus calamus, Calamus aromaticus (Family, Araceae)
An ancient herb that has been used for over 4000 years.
WarningThe Calamus that grows in India contains a high component of asarone, which is potentially toxic and carcinogenic. The plants from North America and Russia have been grown to not contain the asarone.
Calophyllum
Calophyllum inophullum (Family, Guttiferae)
This Asian nut yields a high percentage of its weight as an oil. Sometimes used as a carrier oil though it is quite thick in consistency.
Camphor White
Cinnamomum camphora (Family, Lauraceae)
Can be used to care for oily or spotty skin and also as an insect repellent. Also used in detergents, soaps, disinfectants, deodorants, room sprays etc.
Source: wood, Japan, China
Production Method: steam distillation
Aromatherapy Class: balancing, stimulating, toning, cooling
Aroma Type: camphoraceous
Traditional Use: deodorant, soothing agent, skin conditioner, aphrodisiac, muscle relaxant
Blends Well With: olibanum, ylang ylang, orange, mandarin
Safety Information: Camphor should be used sparingly and completely avoided by those suffering from epilepsy, and should be avoided by pregnant women
Canola (rapeseed)
Brassica napus (Family, Brassicaceae)
From the seeds of the plant this oil is used in cooking and as a carrier. The original species contained up to 40% erucic acid which was harmful to the Thyroid, Kidneys and other internal organs. The modern genetically altered species only contains about 1% of the Toxic acid.
Cananga
Cananga odorata (Family, Annonaceae)
The oil from the flowers of this tree is calming and a mood uplifting euphoric. Used by some to relax the muscles. This has anti-depressant qualities.
Source: flowers, Java
Production Method: steam distillation
Aromatherapy Class: balancing
Aroma Type: floral
Traditional Use: deodorant, skin conditioner
Blends Well With: bergamot, lavender, lemon, neroli, palmarosa, sandalwood, vetiver, ylang ylang
Caraway
Carum carvi, Apium carvi (Family, Apiaceae [Umbelliferae])
An oil sometimes included in "Love Potions". Can help circulation and intestinal problems. Good for the skin and decreases bruising.
Source: seeds, Holland
Production Method: steam distillation
Aromatherapy Class: stimulating
Aroma Type: minty
Traditional Use: muscle relaxant
Blends Well With: galbanum, eucalyptus, rosemary
Safety Information: slight dermal toxicity
Cardamom Seed
Elettaria cardomum (Family, Zingiberaceae)
The sweet, spicy, warming fragrance of cardamom has been enjoyed since the days of the ancient Egyptians, who used it as a perfume and incense. It can be used as an aid to digestion and makes an excellent bath oil as a tonic which refreshes and invigorates. Also use a lot, sparingly, in cooking and also perfumes.
Source: seeds, Central America
Production Method: steam distillation & CO2
Aromatherapy Class: stimulating, toning
Aroma Type: spicy
Traditional Use: muscle relaxant, skin conditioner, soothing agent
Blends Well With: coriander, olibanum, galbanum, geranium, juniper berry, lemon, myrtle
Main Constituents: terpinyl acetate, cineol, liminene, sabinene, linalol, linalyl acetate, pinene, zingiberene.
Carnation (Clove Pink)
Dianthus caryophyllus (Family, Caryophyllaceae)
The flowers of this plant are at their most aromatic in early evening. A nice aroma to have around when you are "down". This oil is normally only found as an absolute. Reputedly an aphrodisiac.
Safety Information: Can irratate sensitive skins, use sparingly.
Main Constituents: Benzyl benzoate, eugenol, phenylethyl alcohol, benzyl salicylate, methyl salicylate.
Carrot seed & root
Daucus carota (Family, Apiaceae [Umbeliferae])
From the seed, this essential oil has the same sweet, earthy fragrance of the vegetable. Considered to be particularly beneficial for dry, mature skin-types and will can help to restore elasticity to the skin and could therefore reduce wrinkles. The root oil is used in food colouring, (yellow), and in sun tan lotions.
Source: seeds, India
Production Method: steam distillation
Aromatherapy Class: stimulating, toning
Aroma Type: spicy
Traditional Use: muscle relaxant, soothing agent, skin conditioner, aphrodisiac
Blends Well With: bergamot, juniper berry, lavender, lemon, lime, neroli, orange, petitgrain, rosemary
Cashew nut
Anacardium occidentale (Family, Anacardiaceae)
This oil from Latin America and Asia is added as 20% to carriers
Cascarilla Bark
Croton eleuteria (Family, Euphorbiaceae)
This is a stress reducing oil, and is good for meditation. Widely used in fragrances, soaps, detergents and in foods and drinks. Also used in cigarettes. Warning Do not use any oil from the seeds as this oil is a strong purgatory.
Cassia
Cinnamomum cassia, C. aromaticum, Laurus cassia (Family, Lauraceae)
(only room scent)
Distinctly spicy like cinnamon bark. Used to flavour all kinds of food and toothpaste, mouthwash and chewing gum. Warning Cassia is very irritating to the skin and can cause an allergic reactions.
Cassie
Acacia farnesiana, Cassia ancienne (Family, Mimosaceae)
This is used in perfumery, for rheumatic symptoms and for chest ailments.
Castor
Ricunus communis (Family, Euphorbiaceae)
Native to India, Castor has been used for centuries. Eating the nuts can be fatal, one to five nuts can kill a child. The oil is extracted at a low temperature to keep the Ricin from being in the oil. Used as an analgesic, clearing blackheads and for dandruff.
Catnip
Nepeta cataria Var citriodora (Family, )
Source: aerial parts, France, United States, Yugoslavia
Many varieties exist.
No formal testing.
Cedar Leaf
Thuja, occidntalis
Source: leaves and stems, United States
Production Method: steam distillation
Aromatherapy Class: calming
Aroma Type: aromatic
Traditional Use: deodorant, astringent, soothing agent
Blends Well With: lavender, lavandin, rosemary, armoise
Cedarwood
Juniperus mexicana scheide (Family, Pinaceae)
With a woody balsamic aroma. It is used in perfumes to add body and a warm note to any blend. And as Cedarwood Virginia therapeutically.
Cedarwood (Atlas)
Cedrus atlantica (Family, Pinaceae)
This highly prized wood has been used throughout history for its strength and aroma. This oil helps to clear the breathing passages and is used in hair and skin care products.
Main Constituents: Atlantone, caryophyllene, cedrol, cadinene.
Cedarwood Virginia
Juniperus virginiana J. communis(Family, Cupressaceae)
Soothes and harmonises. Recognised as a therapeutic oil from ancient times. An astringent oil useful for protection and caring for oily and blemished skin, and as an inhalant relieves mucoussy coughs and colds. Helps to combat cellulite, use in wardrobe to repel moths. It makes a pleasant warm and woody room fragrance, the Tibetans use it as temple incense. Warning Use Cedarwood during pregnancy only in moderation.
Source: wood, United States
Production Method: steam distillation
Aromatherapy Class: balancing, grounding, energizing
Aroma Type: woodsy
Traditional Use: antiseptic, skin conditioner, deodorant, insect repellent, soothing agent
Blends Well With: patchouli, vetiver, sandalwood
Main Constituents: Cedrene, cedrol, cedrenol.
Celery Seed
Alpium graveolens (Family, Apiaceae [Umbelliferae])
A sweet spicy aroma. It may stimulate milk flow, balance hormones, relieve liver and elimination system problems.
Source: seeds, India
Production Method: steam distillation
Aromatherapy Class: stimulating, toning
Aroma Type: spicy
Traditional Use: Blends Well With: basil, cajeput, chamomile, grapefruit, guaicwood, lemon, orange, palmarosa, rosemary
Chamomile, German
Matricaria chamomilla or M. recutia (Family, Asteraceae [Compositae])
An Absolute. German chamomile AKA blue chamomile or chamomile matricaria. The blue color is from azulene which is formed during the distillation of the oil. The odor is sweet and adds a warm, long-lasting undertone in perfumes. All the Chamomiles are used in massage oils and herbal mixtures.
Source: flowers, Germany
Production Method: steam distillation
Aromatherapy Class: soothing, toning
Aroma Type: fruity
Skin Type: sensitive, blemished
Traditional Use: muscle relaxant, soothing agent, skin conditioner, aphrodisiac
Blends Well With: bergamot, jasmine, labdanum, neroli, clary sage, rose
Main Constituents: Chamazulene, (Produced during steam distillation, not present in the fresh plant), bisabolol oxide, enyndicycloether, farnesene.
Chamomile Roman
Chamaemelum nobile or Anthemis noblis (Family, Asteraceae [Compositae])
Well known for its strong soothing effect on mind and body. The Roman and German are excellent for protecting dry skin. They have many uses e.g. can be used to treat nerve, headache, insomnia, menstrual disorders and the Roman is a comforting oil during high pollen count.(Unless you have an allergy to the ragweeds). A gentle oil suitable for the young and fragile. One of the few essential oils that can be used on inflamed skin conditions. Blends well with Lavender, bergamot, jasmine, neroli, and clary sage. Read the Aromatherapy books for their varied uses.
Source: flowers, Europe
Production Method: steam distillation
Aromatherapy Class: calming
Aroma Type: fruity
Skin Type: sensitive
Traditional Use: muscle relaxant, skin conditioner
Blends Well With: galbanum, eucalyptus, rosemary
Main Constituents: Esters, pinene, fanesol, nerolidol, chamazulene, pinocarvone, cineol.
Chamomile Moroc (Sauvage)
Anthemis mixta, Ormenis mixta, O. multicaulis (Family, Asteraceae)
Not a true Chamomile, nevertheless it is used as a calming oil, both mentally and for intestinal symptoms.
Source: blossoms, Morocco
Production Method: steam distillation
Aromatherapy Class: balancing, soothing, calming, toning
Aroma Type: aromatic
Skin Type: sensitive
Traditional Use: muscle relaxant, skin conditioner
Blends Well With: cypress, labdanum, lavandin, lavender, vetiver, cedarwood, olibanum
Champaca Flower & Leaf
Michelia alba, M. champaca (Family, Magnoliaceae)
AKA Frangipani, this oil is another one for mental clarity and alertness, it also has euphoric and calming properties.
Cinnamon (Bark & Leaf)
Cinnamomum zeylanicum, C verum, Laurus cimmamomum (Family, Lauraceae)
(only room scent)
Warms and stimulates. A strong antiseptic, it has a cleansing effect. Used as a comforting oil during the cold season, A lovely room fragrance, especially during Xmas.
Source: leaves and stems, Ceylon
Production Method: steam distillation
Aromatherapy Class: stimulating, energizing
Aroma Type: spicy
Traditional Use: anti-inflammatory agent, aphrodisiac, skin conditioner, deodorant
Blends Well With: caraway, citrus oils, clove, myrtle, nutmeg, olibanum
Safety Information: can cause skin irritation; moderate dermal toxicity
Main Constituents: (Bark oil), Cinnamaldehyde, eugeno, benzaldehyde, pinene, cineol, phellandrene, furol, cymene, linalol. (Leaf oil) Eugenol, eugenol acetate, cinnamaldehyde, benzyl benzoate, linalol.
Citronella
Cymbopogon nardus, Andropogon nardus (Family, Poaceae [Gramineae])
Light, fresh and uplifting oil, obtained from the grass, it is a natural deodoriser, and is useful as an insect and cat repellent.
Source: aerial parts, Java
Production Method: steam distillation
Aromatherapy Class: soothing
Aroma Type: citrus
Traditional Use: insect repellent, skin conditioner
Blends Well With: bergamot, lemon, orange, lemongrass
Clary Sage
Salvia sclerea (Family, Lamiaceae [Labiatae])
Soothes, relaxes and warms. uplifts the spirit. Contains a hormone-like compound similar to oestrogen that regulates hormonal balance. Massage on muscles and on abdomen before and during menstruation. Induces feeling of well-being. Can provoke dramatic and colourful dreams.... helpful with oily hair and skin, dandruff and treating wrinkles. Sensual properties.
Source: flowering tops, Morocco
Production Method: steam distillation
Aromatherapy Class: balancing, calming, toning
Aroma Type: herbaceous
Skin Type: normal to combination
Traditional Use: skin conditioner, astringent, soothing agent, aphrodisiac, muscle relaxant
Blends Well With: cedarwood, labdanum, citrus oils, lavender lavandin
Safety Information: Do not use during pregnancy. Do not drink alcohol or drive.
Main Constituents: Linalyl acetate, linalol, pionene, myrcene, sclareol, phellandrene.
Clove (Bud, Leaf & Stem)
Syzygium aromaticum, Eugenia caryophyllata, E. aromaticia, E. caryophyllus (Family, Myrtaceae)
An antiseptic and stimulating oil useful in mouthwash and gargle. Comforting rubbed onto gums, traditionally used to relieve toothache. Could be an effective mosquito repellent.
Warning: Clove is a powerful skin irritant and should be used carefully. Do not use during pregnancy. (room scent only)
Source: flowers, Madagascar
Production Method: steam distillation
Aromatherapy Class: stimulating, energizing
Aroma Type: spicy
Traditional Use: muscle relaxant, soothing agent
Blends Well With: basil, black pepper, cinnamon, citronella, grapefruit, lemon, nutmeg, orange, peppermint, rosemary, rose
Safety Information: use � recommended dilution or less; can cause skin irritation
Main Constituents: (Clove bud) Eugenol, eugenyl acetate, caryophyllene. (Clove Leaf) Eugenol, some eugenyl acetate.
Coffee
Coffea arabica (Family, Rubiaceae)
Yes there is a Coffee EO, and is a stimulant as is the drink. Supposed to be mood uplifting, energising and to improve mental clarity. Warning This is an adrenal gland and nervous system stimulant so should be used with caution.
Copaiba
Copaifera officinalis(Family, Fabaceae)
Both a Resinoid and an EO is obtained from the tree, Good for increasing circulation, stress reduction, clearing out the air passages and as a fixative in perfumery.
Coriander
Coriandum sativum (Family, Apiacea [Umbelliferae])
A sweet-smelling, spicy essence. It makes a good massage blend to relieve stiffness and muscle ache. In the bath it is refreshing and stimulating. Warning Due to its slight toxicity this oil should be used sparingly.
Source: seeds, France
Production Method: steam distillation
Aromatherapy Class: warming, stimulating
Aroma Type: spicy
Traditional Use: muscle relaxant, deodorant, soothing agent, aphrodisiac
Blends Well With: bergamot, black pepper, cinnamon, citronella,
cypress, galbanum, giner, jasmine, lemon, neroli, orange
Main Constituents: Linalol, decyl aldehyde, borneol, geraniol, carvone, anethole.
Cornmint
Mentha arvensis (Family, Lamiaceae)
One of the Mint family, this can be used to assist in clearing the air passages. Some say it is useful in speeding up the metabolism, and for refreshing, reviving, energising, and generally sharpening the senses. Warning Can be irritating to the skin and can overstimulate the nervous system.
Costus
Saussurea costus, S. lappa (Family, Asteraceae)
A calming oil used in flavourings and perfumery.
Cubeb
Cubeba officinalis, Piper cubeba (Family, Piperaceae)
This spicy oil is used to increase circulation, improve digestion, clear out the sinus and breathing passages and relieve aches and pains.
Cumin
Cuminum cyminun, C. odorum (Family, Apiaceae [Umbelliferae])
A sharp, spicy aroma. May be used for those who have mental or physical exhaustion. Could stimulate the metabolism of those who are obese and/or have excessive fluid. Warning May be slightly photosensitising or irritating to some skins.
Cyperus (Cypriol)
Cyperus scariosus (Family, Cyperaceae)
This is the sedge grass used to make papyrus, cloth and fragrances. A tonic for the digestive system and an insect repellent.
Cypress
Cupressus sempervirens (Family, Cupressaceae)
With its smoky woody fragrance it refreshes, restores and tones. An astringent oil useful for refreshing and caring for oily and blemished skin, As an anti-perspirant it is good for sweaty feet. Massage on abdomen during menstruation and where there is cellulite. Good menopausal oil. Natural deodorant. Blends well with Lavender and Sandalwood.
Source: leaves and stems, France
Production Method: steam distillation
Aromatherapy Class: stimulating
Aroma Type: coniferous
Skin Type: oily, blemished
Traditional Use: insect repellent, antiseptic, astringent, deodorant,
soothing agent, skin conditioner
Blends Well With: bergmot, clary sage, juniper berry, lavender, lemon, orange, rosemary, sandalwood
Safety Information: FLAMMABLE
Main Constituents: Pirene, chmphene, sylvestrene, cymene, sabinol.
Dill
Anethum graveolens (Family, Apiaceae [Umbelliferae])
Some say can reduce appetite, and, with fennel and baking soda, is a constituent of "Gripe Water". (Anti-colic water for the non-British reading this.)
Elecampane
Aster officinalis, Hellenium grandiflorum, Inula helenium (Family, Asteraceae)
AKA Inula. Used for mood uplifting and to help breathing for some asthmatics.
Elemi
Canarium commune, C. luzonicum (Family, Bursecracae)
Supposed to help stimulate the immune system, so is a good oil to use in debilitated persons. Can be an expectorant and so help open up the air passages. It has been used to help asthmatics. Good for meditation and during counselling sessions. Aids sleep.
Main Constituents: Phellandrene, dipentene, elemol, elemicin, terpinol, limonene, pinene.
Eucalyptus
Eucalyptus globulus (Family, Myrtaceae)
Powerful antiseptic, widely used in baths and massage during the cold season. Blend oil in chest rubs and use in a vaporiser to keep air germ free in sick room. Blends well with Lavender and Pine.
There are many more Eucalyptus oils, including; Australian Eucalyptus, (E. australina); Lemon Eucalyptus, (E. citriodora); Dives or Broad-Leaved Peppermint, (E. dives); Peppermint Eucalyptus, (E. piperita); Blue Mallee (E. polybractea); Grey peppermint, (E. radiata); Cully Gum, (E. smithii) and more.
Source: leaves and stems, Spain
Production Method: steam distillation
Aromatherapy Class: toning, stimulating
Aroma Type: camphoraceous
Skin Type: blemished
Traditional Use: deodorant, antiseptic, soothing agent, skin conditioner, insect repellent
Blends Well With: coriander, juniper berry, lavender, lemon, lemongrass, thyme
Main Constituents: Cineol, pinene, limonene, cymene, phellandrene, terpinene, aromadendrene.
Evening Primrose
Centhera biennis
Rich in GLA, vitamins and minerals. Excellent for face and body massage blends, especially to combat dry, devitalised skin and eczema, Used by PMT sufferers, internally in small amounts, to ease the symptoms.
Fennel
Foeniculum vulgare, F. officinale, Anethum foeniculum (Family, Apiaceae [Umbelliferae])
Has a sweet aniseed-like aroma which makes it pleasant for skin care. For massage where there is cellulite and for the digestive system, especially the dreaded wind. Good for breast firming massage and to promote milk production, use sparingly. Warning Fennel can be a skin irritant. Do not use it on young children. Do not use if pregnant. Do not use if suffering from epilepsy.
Source: fruits, Italy
Production Method: steam distillation
Aromatherapy Class: energizing, toning
Aroma Type: anise
Traditional Use: antiseptic, aphrodisiac, soothing agent, muscle relaxant
Blends Well With: basil, geranium, lavender, lemon, rose, rosemary, sandalwood
Safety Information: slight dermal toxicity; use � recommended dilution or less
Main Constituents: Anethol, anisic acid, anisic aldehyde, pinene, camphene, estragol, fenone, phellandrene.
Fir Needle
Abies alba (Family, Pinaceae)
A Fresh spicy scent. A few drops will remind you of the fir forests. A festive aroma for a freshly cut Christmas tree. Warning Dilute well. It can be a skin irritant.
Also:- Canadian Balsam, (A. balsamea); Siberian Fir, (A. siberica); Hemlock, (Tsuga canadensis); Pine q.v.; Black Spruce, (Picea mariana); Terebinth, (P. Palustris and others).
Frankincense
Boswellia thurifera or B. carteri (Family, Burseraceae)
Also known as "Olibanum" B. papyrifera. Soothes, warms and aids meditation. It has been used for centuries, and burnt on alters and in temples. "Creates a 'spiritual' atmosphere". Comforting oil, by slowing down breathing and controlling tension it helps to focus the mind. Excellent for toning and caring for mature/aging skin. (claimed to have rejuvenating qualities [the Egyptians used it in rejuvenation face-masks.])
Elemi (Canarium luzonicum) is related.
Source: resin, India and France
Production Method: steam distillation
Aromatherapy Class: stimulating, toning, grounding
Aroma Type: balsamic
Skin Type: aging/mature
Traditional Use: skin conditioner, soothing agent
Blends Well With: basil, black pepper, galbandum, geranium, grapefruit, lavender, orange, patchouli, sandalwood
Main Constituents: Pinene, dipentene, limonene, thujene, phellandrene, cymene, myrcene, terpinene.
Galangal
Alpina officinarum, Languas officinarum (Family, Zingiberaceae)
A general stimulant with stress reducing properties.
Galbanum
Ferula galbaniflua, F. cummosa, F. rubicaulis (Family, Apiaceae)
Used more in food flavouring but may aid mature skin types and assist in clearing congested breathing.
Source: resin, Middle East and France
Production Method: steam distillation
Aromatherapy Class: toning, stimulating
Aroma Type: green
Skin Type: blemished
Traditional Use: skin conditioner, muscle relaxant
Blends Well With: citronella, elemi, olibanum, jasmine, palmarosa, geranium, ginger, rose, ylang ylang
Main Constituents: CArvone, cadinene, myrcene, cadinol, limonene, pinene.
Gardenia
Gardenia grandifloria (Family, Rubiaceae)
An absolute and EO is obtained from the flowers. A Mood uplifting oil.
Garlic
Allium sativum (Family, Lilliaceae)
(more to come) Safety Information: Should not be used if suffereing from eczema or psorisis. External applical can be highly irritating to the skin. Can cause colic in babies if taken by breastfeeding mothers.
Main Constituents: Allicin, sulphides e.g. allylpropyl disulphide, citral, geraniol, linalol, phellandrene.
Geranium
Pelargonium graveolen (Family, Geraniaceae)
A balancing oil for the mind and body. A fresh, floral and sweet smelling oil it relaxes, restores and maintains stability of the emotions. An astringent oil excellent for all skin types. Used in skin care products for both its fragrance and cleansing properties. Useful insect repellent. For massage where there is cellulite and treating eczema and psoriasis. Blends well with other floral oils, and, mixed with Lavender and Bergamot produces a delightful room freshener.
Ginger
Zingiber officinalis (Family, Zingiberaceae)
Fiery and fortifying. Comforting oil and for massaging on the muscles. Good for nausea and sickness. Blend with orange for warming winter baths. Blends especially well with orange and other citrus oils.
Source: roots, China
Production Method: steam distillation
Aromatherapy Class: energizing, warming
Aroma Type: spicy
Traditional Use: aphrodisiac, astringent
Blends Well With: cinnamon, coriander, clove, elemi, eucalyptus, olibanum, geranium, lemon, lime, myrtle, orange, rosemary, spearmint
Main Constituents: Gingerin, linalol, camphene, phellandrene, citral, cineol, borneol.
Goldenrod
Solidago canadensis, S. odora (Family, Asteraceae)
Used for bee stings and is a calming and warming oil. Supposed to encourage communication and meditation.
Grapefruit
Citrus paradisi, C. racemosa (Family, Rutaceae)
Refreshes and uplifts the spirit. Lovely fresh aroma which can help with nervous exhaustion. it relieves congested and oily skin, having a toning effect on both skin and tissues. For this reason it is a good oil to use when treating cellulitis. Warning do not use Grapefruit on the skin in direct sunlight.
Source: fruit, United States
Production Method: expression
Aromatherapy Class: energising
Aroma Type: citrus
Skin Type: dry, blemished
Traditional Use: soothing agent, astringent, skin conditioner
Blends Well With: citrus oils, especially bergamot, orange
Main Constituents: Limonene, paradisiol. neral, geraniol, citronellal.
Guaiac Wood
Bulnesia sarmientoi (Family, Zygophyllaceae)
No aromatherapy uses documented but plenty of herbal uses.
Source:wood Paraguay
Production Method: steam distillation
Aroma Type: green, woody
Helichrysum (Italian Everlasting or Immortelle)
Helichrysum angustifolium, H. italicum (Family Asteraceae)
There are approximately 500 species of helichrysum. This species is used as an anti-depressant. Used to freshen the air, mind and body this is a very useful oil. Helps to clear the mind, chest and sinus and relieves aches, pains and menstrual discomfort. Another one for the "Must have" box. Source:flower, France, Spain Yugoslavia
Production Method: steam distillation
Helichrysum
Helichrysum stoechas (Family Asteraceae)
Source:flower, France, Spain Yugoslavia
Production Method: steam distillation
Henna (Hina)
Lawsonia inermis (Family Lythaveae)
Source:flower, India
Production Method: steam distillation and absolute
Hops
Jumulus lupulus (Family, Moraceae)
Calming and an aid to sleep, the herb hops is used in sleep pillows. Also used as a mild pain reliever. Warning This oils is mildly toxic so must be used sparingly.
Main Constituents: Humuline, myrcene, caryophylene, farnesene.
Hyssop
Hyssopus officinalis, H. officinalis Var. decumbens (Family, Lamiaceae [Labiatae])
Sacred to the Greeks and the Hebrews where Hyssop brooms were used to clean out sacred places. Warm and Vibrant, can promote alertness and clarity of thought. When used in a fragrancer can protect rooms from infection. Used to treat colds and flu, helps heal bruised skin.
Source: roots, India, Egypt and Europe
Production Method: steam distillation
Aromatherapy Class: warming, stimulating, balancing
Aroma Type: herbaceous
Skin Type: blemished
Traditional Use: soothing agent, skin conditioner
Blends Well With: celery, fennel, lavender, orange, rosemary, tangerine
Safety Information: Powerful oil not to be used when pregnant, suffering from epilepsy, or high blood pressure.
Jasmine Absolute
Jasminum officinale or J. Grandiflorum (Family, Oleaceae)
Emotionally warming. Relaxes, soothes, uplifts and helps self confidence. Good for stress and general anxiety. Perfect skincare oil, excellent for hot, dry skin. Sensual properties and reputedly an Aphrodisiac!. Only needs to be used in very small quantities. Exquisite perfume. A vast quantity of blossoms, which must be gathered at night when their scent is at their highest, are required to produce only a few drops of oil, so it is a very expensive oil.
Source: flowers, Egypt
Production Method: solvent, extraction
Aromatherapy Class: uplifting, balancing
Aroma Type: floral
Skin Type: dry, normal to combination
Traditional Use: antiseptic, aphrodisiac, emollient, soothing agent
Blends Well With: all floral absolutes
Main Constituents: Jasmone, benzyl acetate, benzyl alcohol, indol, linalol, linalyl acetate, phenylacetic acid, methyl jasmonate.
Juniper
Juniperus communis (Family, Cupressaceae)
Tones and stimulates. an antiseptic and astringent oil for bath and massage where there is cellulite. Restores psychic purity. Fresh woody aroma. Has a cleansing effect on the body, used in many masculine perfumes, after shaves and colognes, and has a calming effect on the emotions. Reputed to strengthen the immune system. {And don't forget the Gin!} Warning Juniper should not be used when pregnant.
Source: flowers, Yugoslavia
Production Method: steam distillation
Aromatherapy Class: energizing
Aroma Type: coniferous
Skin Type: blemished
Traditional Use: astringent, skin detoxifier, deodorant, soothing agent
Blends Well With: elemi, cypress, clary sage, lavandin
Safety Information: FLAMMABLE
Main Constituents: Pinene, myrcene, borneol, camphene, thugene, termenic alcohol.
Khella
Ammi visnaga (Family, Umbelliferae)
The oil is rare on the commercial market, if at all.
Source: seeds, Egypt and Morocco
Production Method: steam distillation
Safety Information: No formal testing. Avoid in pregnancy, slight photosensitivity.
Labdanum (Cistus or Rock Rose)
Cistus ladanifer (Family, Cisgaceae)
An excellent fixative in perfumery, used in some expensive brands. Helpful in meditation and counseling sessions, has calming, stress reducing and mood uplifting properties.
Source: resin, Morocco and Spain
Production Method: steam distillation
Aromatherapy Class: stimulating, toning, soothing,
Aroma Type: balsamic
Traditional Use: aroma fixative, skin conditioner
Blends Well With: clary sage, juniper berry, bergamot, cypress, vetiver, sandalwood, patchouli, olibanum, lavender, labdanum
Labrador tea
Ledum groenlandicum (Family Ericaceae)
Very much a relaxing oil. Can be used as an expectorant and during meditation.
Source:aerial parts, Canada
Production Method: steam distillation
Warning This is not to be used before driving or using equipment due to its soporific properties.
Lantana
Lantana camara(Family, Verbenaceae)
This oil is rare on the commercial market.
Source: Aerial parts, Madagascar
Production Method: steam distillation
Safety Information: No traditional EO uses, but due to large Ketone % avoid in Pregnancy.
Lavender
Lavendula augustifolia, L. officinalis, L. vera (Family, Lamiaceae [Labiatae])
Undoubtedly the most versatile and useful oil. NO home should be without it. Relaxes, Soothes, restores and balances your body and mind. Calms or stimulates according to your bodies needs. Excellent for refreshing tired muscles, feet and head. Add a drop to the pillow/sheet before peaceful sleep. Treats burns and reduces scaring. Can be used neat in small amounts on burns, but care still needs to be taken. Blends happily with many other oils. Lavender has so many uses that it is recommended that further reference be made to the many books on Aromatherapy. Lavender is a Must!
Source: flowering tops, France
Production Method: solvent extract for the absolute or steam distillation for the essential oil
Aromatherapy Class: calming, balancing, soothing
Aroma Type: herbaceous (The absolute is wonderful, very 'lavender' but without the camphorous undertone.)
Skin Type: sensitive, all skin types
Traditional Use: muscle relaxant, soothing agent, skin conditioner, astringent
Blends Well With: bergamot, clove, rosemary, eucalyptus, patchouli, clary sage, rose, jasmine
Main Constituents: Linalol, linalyl acetate, lavandulol, lavandulyl acetate, terpineol, limonene, caryophyllene.
Lavandin
Lavandula hybrida, L. fragrans, L. hortensis (Family, Lamiaceae [Labiatae])
Lavandin is a hybrid plant, a cross between true lavender and spike lavender. The oil has a camphoraceous, herbaceous, floral aroma. Used in many types of perfumes, soaps and detergents. Blends well with many other oils including cypress, geranium, citronella, clove, cinnamon leaf, pine, thyme and patchouli. Refreshing, purifying, gently clarifying.
Source: leaves, France
Production Method: steam distillation
Aromatherapy Class: stimulating, energizing
Aroma Type: herbaceous
Traditional Use: soothing agent, muscle relaxant, skin conditioner, astringent
Blends Well With: clove, bay leaf, cinnamon, citronella, cypress, geranium, patchouli
Main Constituents: Borneol, camphor, cineol, geraniol, linalol, linalyl acetate.
Lavender Spike
Lavandula latifolia
Source: leaves and stems, Spain
Production Method: steam distillation
Aromatherapy Class: stimulating, energizing
Aroma Type: herbaceous
Skin Type: sensitve, all skin types
Traditional Use: muscle relaxant, soothing agent, skin conditioner, astringent
Blends Well With: lavender, lavandin, rosemary, eucalyptus, petitgrain, neroli
Main Constituents: Cineol, camphor, linalol, linalyl acetate.
Lovage Root
Levisticum officinalis(Family, Umbelliferae)
This oil is rare on the commercial market. Source: root Europe
Production Method: steam distillation CO2
Aroma Type: Earthy
Safety Information: Phototoxic. Possible irritation, possible sensitization
Lemongrass
Cymbopogon Citratus (Family, Poaceae [Gramineae])
A refreshing, cleansing and stimulating tonic on the body, and added to shampoos aids in adding a shine to the hair. An antiseptic and astringent oil. Sweet powerful 'lemony' aroma which make a good refreshing and deodorizing room fragrance. Warning Dilute to 1% and use only 3 drops in a bath as it may cause irritation of the skin.
Source: aerial parts, Guatemala
Production Method: steam distillation
Aromatherapy Class: calming
Aroma Type: citrus
Skin Type: oily
Traditional Use: insect repellent, skin conditioner, soothing agent, muscle relaxant, deodorant, antiseptic
Blends Well With: geranium, jasmine, lavender
Safety Information: can cause skin irritation
Main Constituents: Citral, dipentene, linalol, geraniol.
Lemon
Citrus Limonum (Family, Rutaceae)
Widely used in beauty care. It cleanses, refreshes, cools and stimulates. Astringent and antiseptic oil. Useful for oily skin. Can be used to lighten dull, stained hands or to tone and condition nails and cuticles. Blends well with other oils. Warning Do not use lemon on the skin in direct sunlight. Dilute to 1% and use only 3 drops in a bath as it may cause irritation of the skin.
Source: fruit peels, United States
Production Method: expression, there is some steam distilled
Aromatherapy Class: energizing, uplifting
Aroma Type: citrus
Skin Type: oily, blemished
Traditional Use: antiseptic, soothing agent
Blends Well With: neroli, clary sage, bergamot, citronella, orange flower, violet left, galbanum
Main Constituents: Limonene, terpinene, pinene, myrcene, citral, linalol, geraniol, citronellal.
Lemon Verbena
Aloysia citriodora, A. triphylla, Lippia citriodora, L. tripohylla, Verbena triphylla
Used in perfumery and liqueurs. Mood uplifting, revitalizing and promotes mental clarityand alertness. Warning This is a photosensitizing oil, do not use before going into the sun. Can be irritating to those with sensitive skin.
Lime
Citrus Aurantifolia (Family, Rutaceae)
Acts like lemon and the other citrus oils, Nice aroma. Warning Do not use lime on the skin in direct sunlight, however if the essential oil of lime is distilled rather that expressed, then it does not have a photo toxic effect. Dilute to 1% and use only 3 drops in a bath as it may cause irritation of the skin.
Source: fruit peels, West Indies
Production Method: Cold expression but some steam distillation
Aromatherapy Class: energizing, uplifting
Aroma Type: citrus
Traditional Use: soothing agent, astringent, skin conditioner
Blends Well With: clary sage, citronella, lavender, lavandin, neroli, rosemary
Linden Blossom
Tilia europaea. T. vulgaris> (Family, Tiliaceae)
One of the floral absolutes. Used for calming and stress reduction and a tonic for the nervous system. Warning Linden Blossom should not be used over a long period of time.
Litsea Cubeba
Litsea citrata, L. cubeba (Family, Lauraceeae)
A cooling oil, used to improve digestion and to promote a restful sleep.
Safety Information: Can be an irritent sothose with sensitive skins should use small amounts with caution.
Lovage
Angelica levisticum, Levisticum officinale, Ligusticum levisticum (Family, Apiaceae)
Know in Europe as "Love parsley" it is reputed to have aphrodisiac qualities and to purify and aid in the reduction of cellulite.
Mandarin
Citrus Noblis (Family, Rutaceae)
The fruits were once traditional gifts offered to the Chinese Mandarins - Hence the name. A gentle and calming oil, good for oily skin. Known in France as "the children's remedy" for its mildness - use it in massage for the digestive system and, like Lavender, can be used in massage oil to help prevent stretch marks. Do not use Mandarin on the skin in direct sunlight.
Source: fruit peel, India
Production Method: expression
Aromatherapy Class: calming
Aroma Type: citrus
Skin Type: aging/mature skin
Traditional Use: soothing agent, astringent, skin conditioner
Blends Well With: basil, bergamot, camomille, clary sage, olibanum, geranium, grapefruit, lavender, lemon lime, neroli, orange, rose
Main Constituents: Linomene, geraniol, citral, citronellal.
Manuka (Leptospermum or New Zealand Tea Tree)
Letospermum scoparium, L. ericoides, (Kanuka) L. petersonii, L. coparium (Manuka) (Family, Myrtaceae)
Used for years by the Maori's this herbs oil has may qualities similar to Tea tree. Calming and reduces stress and tension. Relieves aches and pains, relaxes tight muscles. Healing to the skin. Some say that, like lavender and Tea Tree, it may be used neat on the skin.
Source: leaf & branch, New Zealand
Production Method: Steam distilled
Marigold Tagetes
Tagetes Glandulifera (or T. minuta or T. putuh) (Family, Asteraceae [Compositae])
Very good anti-fungal and good for smelly feet! A rather pungent aroma so it helps to blend it with the citrus oils and Lavender.
Marjoram (Spanish & Sweet)
Origanum Marjorana, Majorana hortensis,(Sweet) Thymus mastichina (Spanish) (Family, Lamiaceae [Labiatae])
Used by the ancient Greeks. It soothes, comforts and warms. Useful on tired muscles and for massaging on abdomen during menstruation. Used to regulate the nervous system and treat insomnia. Add to After-Sports Rub. It is pleasant in a hot bath, especially blended with Lavender. Warning Do not use during pregnancy. Care must be taken due to its sedative action, so use sparingly!
Source: flowering top, Spain
Production Method: steam distillation
Aromatherapy Class: calming
Aroma Type: herbaceous
Traditional Use: antiseptic
Blends Well With: cedarwood, chamomile, cyporess, lavender, mandarin, orange, nutmeg, rosemary, ylang ylang, eucalyptus, thyme
Main Constituents: Carvacrol, thymol, camphor, borneol, origanol, pinene, sabinene, termineol.
Marjoram, Wild
Thymus Masticina (Family, Lamiaceae [Labiatae])
Used in a massage oil for sensitive skin. (Marjoram hortensis, called sweet marjoram, is the commonly used cooking herb) Warning Avoid use if pregnant.
Massoia Bark
Cryptocarya massoia (Family, Lauraceae)
Used in improving circulation and reputed to have some aphrodisiac qualities. Hightens the senses. Warning Can be irritating to the skin.
Melissa
Milissa Officinalis (Family, Labiatae)
A popular garden herb known also as 'Lemon Balm'. Soothing but uplifting effect on mind and body. Comforting oil during the cold season and when there is a high pollen count.Large amounts, 300 pounds of fresh lemon balm plants to yield 10ml of oil Most oils you find are Blends. Warning Do not use Melissa on the skin in direct sunlight. Dilute to 1% and use only 3 drops in a bath as it may cause irritation of the skin. The oil has a lemony aroma and sharp, floral-lemon flavor.
Main Constituents: Citral, citronellol, eugenol, geraniol, llinalyl acetate.
Mimosa
Acacia dealbata, A. decurrens (Family Mimosaceae)
An anti-depressant and anti-inflammatory, and also used as part of a skin moisturizing regime.
Source: flowering tops, India
Production Method: solvent extraction
Aroma Type: floral
Traditional Use: muscle relaxant, soothing agent, skin conditioner
Blends Well With: lavandin, lavender, ylang ylang, violet, citronella
Main Constituents: Palmic aldehyde, enathic acid, anisic acid, acetic acid, phenols.
Monarda
Monarda fistulosa (Family, Lamiaceae)
The leaves were used as a substitute for black tea during the Boston Tea party era. The oil is used in stress reduction and assisting the breathing. Warning Can be irritating to those with sensative skin.
Menthe pouliot
Mentha, pulegium
Source: aerial parts, Africa
Production Method: steam distillation
Aromatherapy Class: toning, stimulating
Aroma Type: minty
Safety Information: should be avoided by pregnant women
Mugwort (Armoise)
Artemisa vulgaris (Family, Asteraceae)
Believed to assist in promoting vivid dreams. Used to regulate and balance frmale cycles. It is also believed to promote one's psychic powers.
Myrrh
Commiphora Myrrha, C. Molmol, Balsamodendrom myrra (Family, Burseraceae)
The sap or resin from a tree rather than a true essential oil. A smokey, mysterious oil, centering, visualizing and meditative. One of the oldest-known perfume materials. Myrrh has a long history of use as incense, especially with frankincense. Add to cream for protecting against cracking and chapping in the cold. Add to gargle and mouthwash. Used as a fixitive in perfumery Warning During pregnancy use Myrrh only in moderation.
Source: resin, Somolia
Production Method: steam distillation
Aromatherapy Class: toning, stimulating, soothing
Aroma Type: balsamic
Skin Type: dry, aging/mature
Traditional Use: insect repellent, antiseptic, anti-inflammatory agent, emollient
Blends Well With: clove, olibanum, galbanum, lavender, patchouli, sandalwood
Safety Information: use � recommended dilution or less
Main Constituents: Heerabolene, limone, dipentene, pinene, eugenol.
Myrtle
Myrtus communis (Family, Mytraceae)
This is helpful in meditation and mood revitalizing. Helps to clear the sinus and breathing passages.
Source: flowering tops, Mediterranean
Production Method: steam distillation
Aromatherapy Class: toning, stimulating
Aroma Type: camphoraceous
Skin Type: oily, blemished
Traditional Use: soothing agent, astringent, skin conditioner, muscle relaxant
Blends Well With: bergamot, cardamon, coriander, lavender, lemon, lemongrass, rosemary, spearmint, thyme, tea tree
Narcissus
Narcissus, poeticus
Source: flowers, France
Production Method: solvent extraction
Aroma Type: floral
Traditional Use: perfume
Blends Well With: clove bud, jasmine, neroli, ylang ylang, rose, mimosa, sandalwood
Neroli Absolute
Citrus Aurantium (Family, rutaceae)
One of the Beautiful floral oils. It soothes, relaxes, uplifts the spirit and helps maintain confidence. Exquisite aroma. Excellent skincare oil, perfect for ageing, dry sensitive skin and on scars and stretch marks. Sensual properties. Is an aid to improve sluggish circulation, relieves tension, stress and anxiety, useful for apprehension like stage fright. For a really luxurious blend mix with Rose Absolute and Jasmine Absolute oils.
Source: flowers, France and Italy
Production Method: Solvant extraction
Aromatherapy Class: stimulating, balancing, uplifting
Aroma Type: citrus
Skin Type: sensitve, aging/mature
Traditional Use: antiseptic, emollient
Blends Well With: citrus oils, rose, jasmine, ylang ylang
Main Constituents: Linalol, linalyl acetate, limonene, pinene, nerolidol, geraniol, nerol, indole, citral, jasmone.
Niaouli
Melaleuca Viridiflora, M. quinquenirvia (Family, Myrtaceae)
This oil has a sweet, fresh fragrance. Strongly antiseptic, it is useful for treating acne, boils and skin irritations. It is used as a chest rub and is good when vaporised.
Nutmeg
Myristica aromata, M. fragrans, M. officinalis, Nux moschata. (Family, Myristicaceae)
Good for the digestion and calming to promote a restful sleep with dreams. Warning Nutmeg oil is toxic if used in large quantities, and can be stupefying.
Source: fruits, West Indies
Production Method: steam distillation
Aromatherapy Class: energizing, stimulating, warming
Aroma Type: spicy
Traditional Use: antiseptic, muscle relaxant, aphrodisiac
Blends Well With: lavandin, bay, orange, geranium, clary sage, rosemary, lime, petitgrain, mandarin, coriander
Safety Information: use � recommended dilution or less
Main Constituents: Borneol, camphene, cymol, dipentene, eugenol, geraniol, linalol, pinene, sapol, terpineol, myristicin, safrol.
Orange
Citrus Sinensis (Family, Rutaceae)
A Pleasant winter oil. It soothes, restores and uplifts the spirit. A Warming 'jolly' oil. Blend with spicy oils for cheering baths. Add to massage oil for digestive system. Believed to brighten dull complexions. Encourages sleep. Warning Do not use on the skin in direct sunlight. Dilute to 2% and use only 4/5 drops in a bath as it may cause irritation of the skin.
Source: fruit peels, West Indies, Israel and United States
Production Method: expression
Aromatherapy Class: calming
Aroma Type: citrus
Skin Type: dry, aging/mature
Traditional Use: astringent, soothing agent, skin conditioner
Blends Well With: citrus oils, petitgrain, neroli, orange flower
Main Constituents: Limonene, citral, citronellal, geraniol, linalol, perminol,bergapten, auraptenol and acids.
Oregano
Origanum vulgare (Family,Lamiaceae)
Quite a useful oil in that is is warming and assists improvement of circulation, digestion, mental clarity and alertness. It relieves muscle aches and pains and assists in increasing physical endurance and energy. But it increases perspiration. It may assist in reducing cellulite. Warning Can be irritating to sensitive skin so only use small amounts.
Orris Root
Iris florentina, I. pallida (Family, Iridaceae)
Used as a fixitive in perfumes, pot popourri and cosmetics, and a flavouring in toothpastes and sweets. Warning Is irritating to some and is toxic so only small amounts should be used.
Source: roots, Morocco
Production Method: solvent, extraction
Aroma Type: floral
Traditional Use: emollient, perfume
Osmanthus
Osmanthus fragrans (Family, Oleaceae)
Used as a perfume with antidepressant and sedative properties. Stress reducing.
Palmarosa
Cymbopogon martinii, Andronpogon martinii (Family, Graminaceae (Poaceae))
It has a light, lovely floral aroma which is uplifting. It aids clarity of mind and also makes a wonderful skincare oil when mixed with Sweet Almond. It is said to stimulate cellular regeneration and it moisturises making it particularly good for mature skin care and acne.
Source: aerial parts, India
Production Method: steam distillation
Aromatherapy Class:
Aroma Type: floral
Skin Type: dry
Traditional Use: insect repellent, skin conditioner, soothing agent, emollient, muscle relaxant
Blends Well With: geranium, cananga, amyris, guaicawood
Main Constituents: Mainly geraniol, with citronellal, citral, farnesol, limonene, dipentene.
Parsley Seed
Petroselinum sativum, P. hortense, Apium petroselinum, Carum petroselinium, (Family, Apiaceae [Umbelliferae])
This essential oil has a warm, spicy and herby aroma. Its main use is as a diuretic and in the treatment of urinary tract problems. Warning Parsley oil should be used by all with great care as there can be confusion between Parsley Leaf and Parsley Seed oils which can have different affects.
Patchouli
Pogostemon patchouli, P. cablin (Family, Lamiaceae [Labiatae])
Musky exotic oil that soothes and uplifts the spirit. Useful in protecting dry, mature or blemished skin, sensual properties, Musky aroma lingers. Use on scalp for dandruff. Used in the East to scent linen and clothes and to repel fleas and lice. Can prevent sleep with its nerve stimulating properties.
Source: leaves, Indonesia
Production Method: steam distillation
Aromatherapy Class: soothing, toning
Aroma Type: woodsy
Skin Type: oily, blemished
Traditional Use: anti-inflammatory agent, antiseptic, astringent, aphrodisiac, perfume
Blends Well With: labdanum, vetiver, sandalwood, cedarwood, geranium, clove, lavender, rose, neroli, bergamot, myrrh, clary sage
Main Constituents: Patchoulil, pogostol, bulnesol, nor patchoulenol, bulnese, patchoulene.
Peppermint
Mentha piperta (Family, Lamiaceae [Labiatae])
One of the most important essential oils. It stimulates, refreshes, cools, restores and uplifts mind and body. Add to a massage blend for the digestive system. Excellent for refreshing tired head and feet. Sniff from bottle or one drop on handkerchief to revive during travel. Add few drops to car dashboard to help stay alert, clear thinking and fresh. Blended with Rosemary and Juniper it makes an excellent morning bath. Warning Some Aromatherapists say do not use Peppermint when pregnant. dilute to 1% Peppermint and use no more than 3 drops in the bath as it may cause irritation to sensitive skins.
Source: aerial parts, United States
Production Method: steam distillation
Aromatherapy Class: energizing, stimulating
Aroma Type: minty
Skin Type: blemished
Traditional Use: insect repellent, emollient, antiseptic, muscle relaxant
Blends Well With: bergamot, geranium, lavender, marjoram, rosmary, sandalwood
Safety Information: can cause skin irritation
Main Constituents: Menthol, carovne, cineol, limonene, menthone, pinene, thymol.
Petitgrain
Citrus aurantium, C. bigaradia (Family, Rutaceae)
Another oil from the same trees as Neroli/orange blossom though Pettigrain is distilled from the leaves rather than the petals. Relaxes, restores, cleanses, and uplifts the spirit. Similar properties to Neroli, it has deodorant properties and helps to relieve anxiety and stress. Lovely aroma. Good in final rinse for healthy hair, (two drops). blends well with Rosemary, Geranium, Lavender and Bergamot as well as with Orange and Neroli.
Source: leaves and stems, Europe
Production Method: steam distillation
Aromatherapy Class: calming
Aroma Type: citrus
Blends Well With: citrus oils, lavender, clary sage, rosemary, olibanum
Main Constituents: Linalyl acetate geranyl acetate, linalol, nerol, termineol.
Pine
Pinus sylvestris (Family, Pinaceae)
From the needles, young twigs and cones of the Pine tree. It stimulates, refreshes and cleanses. With a strong, fresh, resinous aroma it has a powerful antiseptic quality and is widely used. It has a deodorant affect and is often used in commercial preparations. Warning: Dilute and use with care as Pine oil may otherwise cause skin irritation.
Main Constituents: Bornyl acetate, citral, cadinene, dipentene, phellandrene, pinene, sylvertrene.
Ravensara Anisata (and R. Aromatica)
Cinnamonum camphora, Ravensara anisata, R. Aromatica (Family Lauraceae)
Anisata is from the Bark of the tree and Aromatica is from the leaves. Both are used for clearing the sinus and breathing passages, loosening tight muscles, relieving menstrual discomfort and aches and pains.
Rose Absolute
Rosa damascena (Family, Rosaceae)
(The supreme "Bridging oil")
Known as the Queen of oils. With 'Feminine' properties, emotionally soothing, it tones, cleanses, uplifts the spirit and helps maintain self confidence. Excellent skincare oil, perfect for dry/mature, ageing or thread veined skin. It has been renowned throughout the centuries as having Sensual and even Aphrodisiac properties. Exquisite aroma. Another Expensive oil that needs only a small amount to be affective. It can be a very sticky oil at room temperature and goes solid at relatively high temperatures, but warming in the hands or other more interesting warm places soon makes it more liquid. Seldom used in commercial products, where a cheaper synthetic is used, to the detriment of the appreciation of the properties of the real oil. Warning Avoid using during the first four months of pregnancy.
Source: flowers, Bulgaria and Morocco
Production Method: solvent extraction
Aromatherapy Class: cooling, balancing, calming, toning
Aroma Type: floral
Skin Type: dry, sensitive, normal to combination, aging/mature
Traditional Use: perfume, skin conditioner, aphrodisiac
Main Constituents: As Rose Otto
Rose Otto
Rosa damascena (Family, Rosaceae)
A warm, intense, immensely rich fragrance. Rose oil is one of the oldest and best known of all essential oils. It is used in all types of perfumes to lend beauty and depth to the aroma. A drop or two in a massage, facial, or bath oil creates a luxurious, soothing experience. The oil is also used in skin creams, powders, and lotions. It is a romantic, creative, gently cheering oil. Warning Avoid using during the first four months of pregnancy.
Source: flowers, Morocco and Turkey
Production Method: steam distillation
Aromatherapy Class: cooling, balancing, calming, toning
Aroma Type: floral
Traditional Use: astringent
Blends Well With: floral oils, especially jasmine
Main Constituents: Very complex with over 300 different chemical constituents but mainly Citronellol, geraniol, phenyl ethanol, nerol, stearopten.
Rosemary
Rosemarinus officinalis, R. coronarium (Family, Lamiaceae [Labiatae])
A popular oil in Aromatherapy where it revives, warms, stimulates and restores. Excellent for refreshing tired muscles, feet and mind, allowing concentration. Perfect in Pre and Post sports rubs to maintain suppleness. Helps combat water retention and cellulite. Good hair tonic. An 'ideal pick me up'. Combats fatigue and clears stuffy atmosphere. Warning Do not use Rosemary when pregnant, having high blood pressure, or suffering from epilepsy. It may cause irritation of the skin.
Source: leaves, Tunisia
Production Method: steam distillation
Aromatherapy Class: energizing, stimulating
Aroma Type: camphoraceous
Skin Type: oily, blemished
Traditional Use: antiseptic, muscle relaxant, soothing agent, skin conditioner
Blends Well With: olibanum, lavender, lavandin, citronella, thyme, basil, peppermint, labdanum, elemi, cedarwood, petitgrain, cinnamon
Main Constituents: Borneol, camphene, camphor, cineol, lineol, pinene, terpineol. Safety Information: use � recommended dilution or less
Rosewood
Aniba Rosaeodora (Family, Lauraceae)
Also known as Bois De Rose. A pleasant and flowery aroma. Relaxing and deodorising. Add to massage oil to help combat tired muscles -especially after vigorous exercise. Has a steadying and balancing affect on nerves, useful during exams. A good anti-depressant and may help migraine and ward off general malaise. Due to the destruction of the hardwood rainforests where the trees come from ensure that your oil comes from Waste Plantation grown wood.
Sage
Salvia Officinalis (Family, Lamiaceae [Labiatae])
A useful regulator of the central nervous system. May help with menstrual and digestive disorders. Warning Do not use Sage when pregnant or suffering from epilepsy.
Source: leaves, Spain
Production Method: steam distillation
Aromatherapy Class: energizing, stimulating
Aroma Type: camphoraceous
Skin Type: oily
Traditional Use: soothing agent
Blends Well With: lavandin, rosemary, citrus oils
Safety Information: should be avoided by pregnant women
Sandalwood Mysore
Santalum Album (Family, Santalaceae)
Musky, rich, exotic oils not initially strong aroma, but persistent, traditionally burnt as an aid to meditation and much used in religious ceremonies. Creates an exotic, sensual atmosphere with a reputation as an aphrodisiac. Excellent skincare oil. useful for dry and damaged hair and as a body fragrance.
Source: wood, East India
Production Method: steam distillation
Aromatherapy Class: calming, grounding
Aroma Type: woodsy
Skin Type: oily, blemished, sensitive, dry
Traditional Use: antiseptic, emollient, soothing agent, astringent, insect repellent, skin conditioner
Blends Well With: rose, violet, clove, lavender, black petter, bergamot, geranium, labdanum, vetiver, patchouli, mimosa, myrrh, jasmine
Main Constituents: Santalols. fusanols, forneol, santalone.
Spearmint
Mentha spicata, M. viridis (Family, Lamiaceae [Labiatae])
Energizing to the mind and body. Use in bath water for it's refreshing effect. Make a facial steam of spearmint oil in a pot of boiling water to help cleanse and refine pores. It is refreshing, cooling, gently vitalizing.
Source: flowering tops, United States
Production Method: steam distillation
Aromatherapy Class: calming
Aroma Type: minty
Skin Type: blemished
Traditional Use: insect repellent, emollient, astringent, soothing agent, muscle relaxant
Blends Well With: bergamot, jasmine, lavender, sandalwood
Safety Information: use � recommended dilution or less
Spikenard
Nardostachys jatamansi (Family, Valerianaceae)
Helps promote restful sleep, stress reduction and relaxation. Can assist in reducing inflammation.
St. John's Wort
Hypericum perforatum (Family Guttiferae)
Now becoming known as a good anti-depressant. It is calming and stress recucing. It is said to lift the mood, is an euphoric and improves mental clarity. Good for reducing aches and pain and menstrual discomfort. Warning St. John's Wort is phototoxic so should not be used before going out in the sun.
Styrax (Liquidamber or Storax)
Balsam styracis, Liquidamber orientalis, L. styraciflua (Family, Hamamelidaceae)
Is supposed to help remove cellulite and break down lymphatic deposits, reduce inflamation and is mood enhancing.
Tangerine
Citrus reticulata (Family, Rutaceae)
A sweet tangy aroma. Used as an astringent for oily skin. Tangerine is also used in drinks and desserts. Warning Avoid use in sun.
Tarragon
Artemisia dracunculus (Family, Asteraceae)
Supposed to relieve aches and pain and menstrual discomfort, improve mental alertness and clarity.
Source: fruit peels, United States
Production Method: expression
Aromatherapy Class: energizing
Aroma Type: citrus
Skin Type: oily
Traditional Use: astringent
Blends Well With: basil, bergamot, chamomile, clary sage, olibanum, geranium, grapefruit, lavender, lemon, lime, neroli, orange, rose
Tea Tree
Melaleuca alternifolia, M. linariifolia, M.uncintata (Family, Myrtaceae)
Powerful antiseptic, antifungal and anti-viral. Good for acne, cold sores, warts, and burns. Ideal for vaporising to kill germs. Useful cleansing agent for skin. Helps combat foot odour and athletes foot. Ti Tree, as it is also known, has a wide range of uses, including some aids related illnesses, and further reading is recommended. Warning May cause irritation to sensitive skins.
Source: leaves and stems, Australia
Production Method: steam distillation
Aromatherapy Class: energizing, stimulating, toning
Skin Type: oily, blemished
Aroma Type: camphoraceous
Traditional Use: insect repellent, antiseptic
Blends Well With: lavandin, lavender, clary sage, rosemary, cananga, geranium, marjoram, clove, nutmeg
Main Constituents: Terpinene-4-ol, cineol, pinene, terpenes, cymene.
Find out more on Tea Tree
Thyme (sweet)
Thymus Vulgaris (Family, Lamiaceae (Labiatea)
Long known since ancient times as a medicinal and culinary herb. Vaporise as a household disinfectant. It has a strong pungent aroma and is said that it can ward off rodents and get rid of fleas. Warning Do not use Thyme when pregnant or having high blood pressure. Dilute to no more than 2% Thyme before use. It may cause irritation to sensitive skins.
Source: flowering tops, Spain
Production Method: steam distillation
Aromatherapy Class: energizing, stimulating, toning
Aroma Type: spicy
Skin Type: blemished
Traditional Use: deodorant, antiseptic
Blends Well With: bergamot, lemon, rosemary, lavender, lavandin, marjoram
Safety Information: use � recommended dilution or less; can cause skin irritation
Main Constituents: Thymol, carvacrol, borneol, cineol, metnone and pinene, may contain geraniol, linlol thujanol-4 or alpha-terpineol.
Vanilla Absolute
Vanilla plantifolia
Source: seeds, Madagascar
Production Method: solvent extraction
Aroma Type: balsamic
Traditional Use: emollient, aphrodisiac
Blends Well With: sandalwood, vetiver
Main Constituents: Vanillin, acetic acid, ethyl alcohol, cinnamate, eugenol, vanillyl ethyl acid, furfural.
Vetivert
Vetivera zizanoides, Andropogon muricatus(Family, Poaceae [Gramineae])
Sometimes known as Vetiver. A deeply relaxing, soothing oil for the mind and body. Earthy, smokey aroma, which is more pleasant when diluted. Assists in reducing blood pressure. Sensual properties. Blends subtly with Lavender, Sandalwood and Jasmine.
Source: roots, Haiti
Production Method: steam distillation
Aromatherapy Class: balancing, grounding
Aroma Type: woodsy
Skin Type: sensitive, aging/mature
Traditional Use: emollient
Blends Well With: sandalwood, jasmine, patchouli, lavender, clary sage, mimosa, ylang ylang
Main Constituents: Vetiverol, vitivone, vetivenes.
Violet Leaves
Viola, odorata
Source: leaves, France and Egypt
Production Method: solvent extraction
Aromatherapy Class: calming, balancing
Aroma Type: herbaceous
Traditional Use: soothing agent, skin conditioner
Blends Well With: clary sage, basil
Wintergreen
Gualtheria Promcumbens (Family, (Family, Ericaceae)
A fresh, cleansing minty aroma. Warnings Harmful or fatal if taken internally. As little as one teaspoon can be fatal if ingested by a child. Dilute well, skin irritant. Avoid if pregnant.
Zanthoxylum
Zanthoxylum alatum, Z. americum, Z. rhesta (Family, Rutaceae)
This native North American plants EO is from the berries of the tree and it used in reducing stress and nervous tension to assist in a restful sleep. A good good uplifting oil. AKA Prickly Ash.
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