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Heat Riser Valves and Manifold Heat Control DevicesDepending upon the type of engine you have and which
manufacturer made it, these are essentially the same things. This device
is usually a valve or flapper that diverts exhaust gas to a hot spot in the
intake manifold underneath the carburetor. Sometimes the heat for
the hot spot is provided by the engine's cooling water. Intake
manifold heat for street-driven engines is good and necessary for good fuel
distribution. Air flowing through the intake and especially vaporizing fuel will
cool the intake manifold. On the highway, this would happen to a greater extent. This is not a new concept so let me give you some
references for your reading pleasure: Lots of people have removed their heat riser valves
and blocked off the cross-over passages on V8 engines. On inline engines, people
sometimes wire their valves into the fully hot position or they remove them
completely. If you have a V8, removing the valve would marginally reduce the
flow restriction but the valve on an inline engine is a flow diverter not a flow
blocker. I am not sure what people with inline engines are trying to gain
by removing this valve completely but they aren't achieving better flow. Factory engineers design engine components with sound engineering principles and research. Designs are always a compromise of a number of competing requirements. Before you re-engineer their designs by changing the operation or existence of this device, you should put a lot of thought into it before hand. If you have a properly working stock exhaust manifold, there is no need to modify the valve. If you have a Clifford intake, hook up the water jacket. If you are using headers or Dutra Duals and a stock or Offenhauser intake on your slant six engine, you might want to try this heater upgrade for your engine.
Cold Air and a Warm ManifoldSome of you might think a heated intake might be contradictory with a cool fresh air supply. It isn't. Cooler air supplied to the carb is better for power because it is denser. Once the cool air picks up fuel from the carb, some of it will vaporize and some of it will remain as tiny particles of liquid fuel. When the air stream makes a sharp turn from going straight down from the carb to horizontal in the plenum, some of the liquid fuel won't make the turn and will collect on the floor of the plenum. The liquid fuel will then work its way along the bottom of the intake manifold to the cylinders to end up in the crankcase. A hot spot on the plenum floor evaporates the liquid fuel so that the vaporized fuel can get to the cylinders for combustion. Cleaner oil and longer engine life would also be a benefit from intake manifold heat. Keeping the heated air supply to the carburetor from the temperature-controlled air cleaner will help with fuel vaporization under cruising conditions. This device utilizes a hot air shroud around the exhaust manifold and a duct to lead warm air into the air cleaner. A thermostat in the air cleaner maintains (or attempts to maintain a constant temperature) to the carburetor. Although this type of air cleaner is probably more restrictive than a open element air cleaner, your gas mileage will probably be slightly higher with it. This type of air cleaner shuts off the hot air when the engine is accelerating (low manifold vacuum ~ 5" HG) and this is the time when the hot spot in the intake manifold is especially useful. People sometimes read information and only pick out the parts that justify their point of view. Getting cold air into an engine should not be an end in itself. The true goal should really be to increase the horsepower of your engine or get better gas mileage or both. Unless you really need to pack your engine with as much cold air as possible, like if you are going for a land speed record or you are running a high revving engine on the drag strip, heat in the intake manifold will help your street-driven engine run better.
Making ChangesAn important part of engineering is measurement. If we make a modification we
would hope that there is a benefit. If we take the manifold heat idea as an
example, we could hope for better fuel economy and better acceleration as
benefits. We could measure before and after with gas mileage and quarter mile
times. If there is no improvement, then we have gained nothing with the
modification. If there is an improvement, we have succeeded. If we don't know,
then we have just been guessing. You might think that my experience depends upon the fact that I live in a
northern climate and this idea wouldn't be applicable to more southern regions
where the climate is much hotter. However, the basis for my experience is
with summer driving and it can get quite hot here in Ontario during the summer
(often 30°C/86°F or higher). This would probably be cool weather for people
living in southern American states though. Anyway, I found that after adding
heat to my intake manifold in the middle of summer, my car completely lost its
off-idle bog. |
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