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Mathematics Dictionary
Dr. K. G. Shih

Inverse of y = a*x^2 + b*x + c



  • Q01 | - What is inverse of a function ?
  • Q02 | - Inverse of Y = a*x^2 + b*x + c is X = a*y^2 + b*y + c
  • Q03 | - Find intersection of y = a*x^2 + b*x + c with it inverse
  • Q04 | - Find intersection of y = x^2 - 5*x + 8 and its inverse
  • Q05 | - Diagram : y = x^2 - 6*x + 8 and its inverse


Q01. Inverse function of y = a*x^2 + b*x + c

Definition
  • 1. It is the reflection of Y = F(X) about Y = X
  • 2. It is the image of Y = F(X) about Y = X (it looks like mirror)
  • 3. The inverse is x = a*y^2 + b*y + c
How to find the inverse of a function ?
  • Y = F(X) and find X interms of Y
  • That is to interchange X and Y as X = F(Y)

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Q02. Inverse of Y = a*x^2 + b*x + c is X = a*y^2 + b*y + c

Find the inverse
  • Solve for x and we have x = (-b + Sqr(b^2-4*a*(c-y))/(2*a)
    • The inverse is y = (-b + Sqr(b^2-4*a*(c-x))/(2*a)
    • The inverse is y = (-b - Sqr(b^2-4*a*(c-x))/(2*a)
  • The inverse is x = a*y^2 + b*y + c
Prove that inverse is x = a*y^2 + b*y + c
  • 2*a*y + b = Sqr(b^2 - 4*a*(c-x))
  • Square both sides : (2*a*y + b)^2 = b^2 - 4*a*(c-x)
  • 4*a^2*y^2 + 4*a*b*y + b^2) = b^2 - 4*a*c + 4*a*x
  • 4*a*x = 4*a^2*y^2 +4*a*b*y + 4*a*c
  • x = a*y^2 + b*y + c

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Q03 Find intersection of y = a*x^2 + B*x + c with it inverse

How many intersctions of y = a*x^2+b*x+c with its inverse

  • There is no intersection
  • There is one intersection
  • There are two intersections
  • There are four intersections
How do we prove it ?
    * Find intersection of y = a*x^2 + b*x + c with inverse
    * First we solve y = a*x^2 + b*x + c and y = x
    * This gives a quadratic equation : a*x^2 + (b-1)*x + c = 0
    * Let Discriminant D = (b - 1)^2 - 4*a*c
    * D < 0 then there is no intersection
    * D = 0 there is one intersection, i.e. y = x is tangent to curve
    * D > 0 there are 2 or 4 intersections


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Q04 Find intersection of y = x^2 - 5*x + 8 with it inverse

Solve y = x^2 - 5*x + 8 and y = x
  • Since (b - 1)^2 - 4*a*c = (-5 - 1)^2 - 4*1*8 = 36 - 42 = 4
  • Hence it has two points of intersection or four
  • Solution
    • x = x^2 - 5*x + 8
    • x^2 - 6x + 8 = 0
    • x1 = 2
    • x2 = 4
Find other two solutions
  • Substitute y = x^2 - 5*x + 8 into x = y^2 - 5*y + 8
  • x = (x^2 - 5*x + 8)^2 - 6*(x^2 - 5*x + 8) + 8
  • x = x^4 - 12*x^3 + 46*x^2 - 60*x - 40
  • x^4 - 10*x^3 + 36*x^2 - 56*x + 32 = 0
  • Solve this quartic equation by using x1 and x2
  • Sum of roots = -coeff of x^3
    • Then we can get x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 = -(-10) .......... (1)
    • Substitute x1 and x2 into (1) : x3 + x4 = 4 ......... (2)
  • Product of roots = constant term
    • x1*x2*x3*x4 = 32 .................................... (3)
    • Substitute x1 and x2 into (3) : x3*x4 = 4 ........... (4)
  • Solve (2) and (4) we have x^2 - 4*x + 4 = 0
    • x3 = 2
    • x4 = 2
Intersections : Only two point intersections
  • x1 = 2 and y1 = (2)^2 - 5*2 + 8 = 2
  • x2 = 4 and y2 = (4)^2 - 5*4 + 8 = 4
  • x3 = 2 and y3 = (2)^2 - 5*2 + 8 = 2
  • x4 = 2 and y4 = (2)^2 - 5*2 + 8 = 2
Verify using GC

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Q05 Diagram of intersection of y = x^2 - 6*x + 8 with it inverse


y = x^2 - 6*x + 8 and its inverse



y = x^2 + 0.25 and its inverse


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