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Subfamily Nomadinae Latreille
[Family Apidae]
This subfamily, including cleptoparasitic bees, is detailed here in the strict sense of Michener (2000), where certain groups frequently included in Nomadinae have been excluded based upon structure of sternum 6 and adult abdominal characters referred in (Grutte (1935), Linsley and Michener (1939) and, Roig-Alsina (1991). A series of larval characters also separates the Nomadinae s.str. from other bees (Rozen, Eickwort and Eickwort, 1978; Rozen, 1996). The relationships of the tribes of Nomadinae to one another have been detailed by many authors using larval characters as above as well as adult characters (Alexander, 1990, 1996; Roig-Alsina, 1991 and, Roig-Alsina and Michener, 1993). Torchio (1986) proposed a division of this subfamily based upon the egg structure. Rozen (1991) put forward an excellent account of the mode of parasitism in Nomadinae and parasitic Apidae, together with the morphology of first-stage larvae.
The subfamily is subdivided into 10 tribes, covering almost both hemispheres in distribution. They are: Hexepeolini, Brachynomadini, Nomadini, Epeolini, Ammobatoidini, Biastini, Townsendiellini, Neolarrini, Ammobatini and Caenoprosopidini.
Tribe Hexepeolini
[Family Apidae, Subfamily Nomadinae]
S. No.
Name of Genus with Author
Included subgenera and [no. of species]
Distribution
1.
Genus Hexepeolus Linsley and Michener, 1937
- [1] [Hexepeolus rhodogyne Linsley and Michener, 1937]
deserts of California and Arizona, USA and in northwestern Mexico
[status of species reviewed by Shanks Gingras (1983); Rozen (1992, 1994, 1996) described larva and verified it a cleptoparasite in nest of Ancylandrena (Andreninae)].
Tribe Brachynomadini
[Family Apidae, Subfamily Nomadinae]
S. No.
Name of Genus with Author
Included subgenera and [no. of species]
Distribution
1.
Genus Brachynomada Holmberg, 1886
a. Brachynomada Holmberg, 1886 s.str. [8]
b. Melanomada Cockerell, 1903 PANSP 55: P.587 [7]
a. Brazil to Argentina
b. California and Nebraska south to Texas in USA and Durango, Jalisco in Mexico
2.
Genus Kelita Sandhouse, 1943
a. Kelita Sandhouse, 1943 s.str. [replacement for Herbsstiella Friese, 1916] [3]
b. Spinokelita Rozen, 1997 [1]
[Kelita argentina Rozen]
a. Atacama province to Nuble, Chile
b. Santa Cruz to San Juan provinces, Argentina
3.
Genus Paranomada Linsley and Michener, 1937
- [3]
Arizona and Southern California, USA and Baja California, Chihuahua, and Zacatecas, Mexico
4.
Genus Trichonomada Michener, 1996
- [1]
[Trichonomada roigella Michener]
Minas Gerais, Brazil to Entre Ríos, Argentina
5.
Genus Triopasites Linsley, 1939
- [2]
Western Texas to Southern California, USA, and in Tamaulipas, Morelos, and Guerrero to Baja California, Mexico
Tribe Nomadini
[Family Apidae, Subfamily Nomadinae]
S. No.
Name of Genus with Author
Included subgenera and [no. of species]
Distribution
1.
Genus Nomada Scopoli, 1770
Both Hemisphere
Tribe Epeolini
[Family Apidae, Subfamily Nomadinae]
S. No.
Name of Genus with Author
Included subgenera and [no. of species]
Distribution
1.
Genus Doeringiella Holmberg, 1886
a. Doeringiella Holmberg, 1886 s.str. [31]
b. Pseudepeolus Holmberg, 1886 [2]
c. Triepeolus Robertson, 1901 [120]
a. Cautín, Chile north to Lima, Peru, and from Chubur province north to Formosa province, Argentina, to Bolivia and the state of Pará, Brazil
b. Paraná, Brazil and province of Formosa, Argentina
c. coast to coast in North America and from southern Canada through the Antilles; South America to western Peru (not Chile); central and southern Europe east through Russia to Japan
2. Genus Epeolus Latreille, 1802 a. Epeolus Latreille, 1802 s.str. [105]
b. Trophocleptria Holmberg, 1886 [8]
a. entire holarctic region: north to the latitudes of subarctic Alaska and Finland, from coast to coast in North America, and in the eastern Hemisphere from Canary Islands, Portugal, and Britain to Japan, in Africa throughout to Cape
b. Connecticut, Minnesota and Colorado, USA, south through tropics to the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina
3. Genus Odyneropsis Schrottky, 1902 - [10] southern Arizona, USA and the states of Puebla, Jalisco in Mexico, south through tropis to Bolivia to ARgentian and Brazil
4. Genus Rhinepeolus Moure, 1955 - [1] [Rhinepeolus rufiventris (Friese, 1908)]
Río Negro and Buenos Aires provinces, Argentina, north to Tucumán province and Paraguay
5. Genus Rhogepeolus Moure, 1955 - [4] Río Negro, Argentina, north to the state of Ceará, Brazil
6. Genus Thalestria Smith, 1854 - [1] [Thalestria spinosa (Fabricius, 1804)] Misiones province, Argentina, and Bolivia north ato Costa Rica, (not in Panama)
Tribe Ammobatoidini
[Family Apidae, Subfamily Nomadinae]
S. No.
Name of Genus with Author
Included subgenera and [no. of species]
Distribution
1.
Genus Aethammobates Baker, 1994
- [1] [Aethammobates prionogaster Baker]
Egypt
2. Genus Ammobatoides Radoszkowski, 1867 : p.82 (not Schenck, 1869)
- [6]
Morocco and Spain eastward through Turkey and Russia to China with a disjunct species in Cape Province, South Africa
3. Genus Schmiedeknechtia Friese, 1896 - [5] Algeria, Tunisia, Spain east to Turkey and Uzbekistan
Tribe Biastini
[Family Apidae, Subfamily Nomadinae]
S. No.
Name of Genus with Author
Included subgenera and [no. of species]
Distribution
1.
Genus Biastes Panzer, 1806
- [4]
Europe, north to 55°N in Finland and east to the Urals and Caucasus
2. Genus Neopasites Ashmead, 1898
a. Micropasites Linsley, 1942 [4]
b. Neopasites Ashmead, 1898 s.str. [2]
a. California to New Mexico, USA
b. California
3. Genus Rhopalolemma Roig-Alsina, 1991 - [2] southern California and Arizona, USA
Tribe Townsendiellini
[Family Apidae, Subfamily Nomadinae]
S. No.
Name of Genus with Author
Included subgenera and [no. of species]
Distribution
1.
Genus Townsendiella Crawford, 1916
- [3]
southern California to New Mexico, USA, and Baja California to Coahuila, Mexico, in arid areas
Tribe Neolarrini
[Family Apidae, Subfamily Nomadinae]
S. No.
Name of Genus with Author
Included subgenera and [no. of species]
Distribution
1. Genus Neolarra Ashmead, 1890
a. Neolarra Ashmead, 1890 s.str. [11]
b. Phileremulus Cockerell, 1895 [3]
a. California north and east to Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, and Texas, and south to Jaisco and Durango, Mexico
b. southern Alberta and Saskatchewan, Canada, to Tennessee, Georgia, Texas and California, USA and Hidalgo to Baja California, Mexico
Tribe Ammobatini
[Family Apidae, Subfamily Nomadinae]
S. No.
Name of Genus with Author
Included subgenera and [no. of species]
Distribution
1. Genus Ammobates Latreille, 1809
a. Ammobates Latreille, 1809 s.str. [30]
b. Euphileremus Popov, 1951 [7]
c. Xeramobates Popov, 1951 [3]
a. Portugal and Morocco north in Europe to 53° latitude, east to Uzbek-istan, and south to southern India, with one disjunct species in Namibia and South Africa
b. Canary Islands, Morocco, and Spain east through southwestern Asia and southern Russia to Uzbekistan
c. disjunctly in Tunisia and Turkmenistan
2. Genus Melanempis Saussure, 1890 - [5] [one named and four unnamed]
Madagascar 3. Genus Parammobatodes Popov, 1931 - [7] from Canary Islands and Morocco east to Egypt, Afghanistan and India and, from Hungary, Greece east to the Caucasus and Ukraine 4. Genus Pasites Jurine, 1807 - [17] from Portugal and Morocco to Mongolia and Japan, south to Baluchistan and through whole of sub-Saharan Africa 5. Genus Sphecodopsis Bischoff, 1923 a. Pseudodichroa Bischoff, 1923 [2] b. Sphecodopsis Bischoff, 1923 s.str. [8]
a. western Cape Province, South Africa b. southern Africa from Namibia and Zimbabwe south through South Africa
6. Genus Spinopasites Warncke, 1983 - [1] [Spinopasites spinotus (Warncke)] Tunisia
Tribe Caenoprosopidini
[Family Apidae, Subfamily Nomadinae]
S. No.
Name of Genus with Author
Included subgenera and [no. of species]
Distribution
1. Genus Caenoprosopina Roig-Alsina, 1987
- [1] [Caenoprosopina holmbergi Roig-Alsina]
from Catamarca to Salta, Argentina
2. Genus Caenoprosopis Holmberg, 1886 - [1] [Caenoprosopis crabronina Holmberg] from province of Neuquén, Argentina, to the state of São Paulo, Brazil
Dr. Rajiv K. Gupta
Department of Zoology
Jai Narain Vyas University
Jodhpur 342 005, India
Ph. +91-291-272 6666
E-mail: [email protected]
Visit "An Updating Bibliography of the Bees of the World" by the same author for the authors' linked references mentioned in this document.