An Annotated Catalogue of the Bee Species of the Indian Region-Xylocopa

SR No.	Subgenus and Species	Distribution
*Genus Xylocopa* Subgenus Biluna Ma, 1938**
1.	auripennis Lepeletier Xylocopa auripennis Lepeletier, 1841 Xylocopa hemichlora Cockerell 1929, Syn. Xylocopa phenachroa Cockerell 1929, Syn. Xylocopa semipurpurea Cockerell 1929, Syn.	Calcutta, Barrackpore, Sikkim, Darjeeling, Myanmar, China, Malaysia, Sri Lanka: Polonna-ruwa. [Three subspecies of auripennis namely, iridipennis, mcgregori and mimetica are recog-nized, among them X. auripennis iridipennis Lep. has been recorded from our region.]
2.	auripennis iridipennis Lepeletier Xylocopa auripennis iridipennis Lepeletier, 1841 Xylocopa chloroptera Lepeletier sensu Horne, 1870, Misident. Xylocopa pictipennis Smith, 1874, Syn.	Northwest Provinces, Punjab, Northern Rajasthan to Bengal, Madras, Bangalore, Myanmar upto Sumatra, China.
3.	nasalis Westwood Xylocopa violacea (Linnaeus) sensu Donovan, 1800, Misident. Xylocopa nasalis Westwood, 1838 Xylocopa nasalis nasalis Westwood, 1838 Xylocopa dissimilis Lepeletier, 1841, Syn. Xylocopa lunulata Lepeletier, 1841, Syn. Xylocopa dissimilis Lepeletier sensu Smith, 1854 (in part), Syn. Xylocopa auripennis Lepeletier sensu Smith, 1874 (in part), Syn. Xylocopa amethystina (Fabricius) sensu Smith, 1878, Misident. Xylocopa cyanoptera Taschenberg, 1879, Nomen Nudum Xylocopa lunulata minensis Cockerell, 1909, Syn.	Northwest Provinces, Punjab, Kumaon, Srinagar (Kashmir), Bareilley, Kotdwara, Dehradun, Nagpur, Nasik, Surat, Bombay, Ghoorghalli Estate, Bangalore, Goa, Trivendrum, Cochin, Coimbatore, Madras, Godavari Distt., Kotagiri, Malabar, Raxaul, Pusa, Chapra, Pankhabari, Siliguri, Darjeeling, Cuttak, Sikkim, Assam, Shillong, Sibsagar, Darrang, Naga Hills; Tenasserim, Myitkyina in Upper Myanmar, Fort Stedman, Yawnghwe State, Inle Lake S. end of Taungdo, S. Shan States, Moulmein, Mandalay; Java, Sharp Peak Island at Fukien, Sri Lanka: Habarana; China: Mong-wan, Yunnan; Tenasserim, Mala-ysia, Borneo, Philippines, Palau & Madagascar.
4.	tranquebarorum concolorata (Ma) Xylocopa pictifrons concolorata Ma, 1938	Sikkim (12,500'), Singla (Darjeeling district), Kumaon, China, Java
5.	tranquebarorum tranquebarorum (Swederus) Apis tranquebarorum Swederus, 1787 Xylocopa orichalcea Lepeletier, 1841, Syn. Xylocopa pictifrons Smith, 1852, Syn. Xylocopa attenuata Pérez, 1901, Syn. Xylocopa kelloggi Cockerell, 1931, Syn. Xylocopa omeiana Ma, 1936, Syn.	Described from Ile de Fer? and Taiwan. Smith (1854) recorded from Bengal and China (as orichalecea); Cockerell (1931) noted from Chusan and Formosa (as kelloggi), Java, Gnatong (Sikkim), Kumaon.
*Genus Xylocopa* Subgenus Copoxyla Maa, 1954**
6.	cyanescens Brullé Apis bomb. iris Christ, 1791, Unav. Xylocopa cyanescens Brullé, 1832 Xylocopa minuta Lepeletier, 1841, Syn. Xylocopa taurica Erichson, 1841, Syn. Xylocopa virescens Gistel, 1857, Homo. (nec Lepeletier, 1841) Xylocopa canuta Rondani, 1874, Syn. Xylocopa virescentis Strand, 1917, Syn., replacement for virescens Gistel.	East of Mediterranean basin, northern region of Kashmir, and S. E. Russia.
Genus Xylocopa Subgenus Ctenoxylocopa Michener, 1942
7.	basalis Smith Xylocopa basalis Smith, 1854	Pakistan: Wazirabad, Karachi; India: Alwar, Pali, Mount Abu, Bombay, Veeraval, Junagarh.
8.	fenestrata fenestrata (Fabricius) Apis fenestrata Fabricius, 1798 Xylocopa indica Klug, 1807, Syn. Xylocopa lunata Klug, 1807, Syn. Xylocopa serripes Burmeister, 1876, Syn. Xylocopa gardineri Cameron, 1902, Syn. Xylocopa serripes Hedicke, 1938, Homo. (nec Burmeister, 1876) Xylocopa hedickei Maa, 1940, Syn.; replacement for serripes Hedicke. Xylocopa bombayensis Maa, 1954, Syn.	Srinagar, Ramban, Udhampur, Kangra Valley, Choa, Gandhala Reserve Forest, Kallar Kahar, Delhi, Bijnor, Mailani, Kichha, Naini Tal, Dehra dun, Roorkee, Bareilly, Tret, Mussoorie, Agra, Alwar, Jodhpur, Asirgarh, Mandla, Nagpur, Bombay, Ratnagiri, Medla, Ahmedabad, Salsette, Goa, Coimbatore, Malabar, Bangalore, Ramnad, Nalla Malai Hills, Barkuda Islan, Chilka Lake, Hazaribagh, Paras-nath, Calcutta, Dakhindari Salt Lake, Manbhum, Shanti-niketan, Kharagpur, Raneeganj, Darjee-ling, Companyganj (Assam); Nepal: Pipal Hali, Nepal Terai; Myanmar: Minhla, Maymyo, Shah Plateau, Mandalay, Tatkon, Shwebo; Sri Lanka: Nirodd-umunai, Trincomalee, Colombo, Kandy, Puttalam, Anuradhapura, Hambantota, Galle, Matale, Ratnapura; Maldives; Persia: Bendar Abbas; Baluchistan: Pasni, Mekran Coast, Pakistan: Rawalpindi, Karachi and, Celebes. [Xylocopa serripes Hedicke, 1938 was described from Bushire, Iran and another female was recorded from Nepal; Ma (1938) considered the second locality very improbable].
*Genus Xylocopa* Subgenus Koptortosoma Gribodo, 1894**
9.	aestuans aestuans (Linnaeus) Apis aestuans Linnaeus, 1758 Apis leucothorax DeGeer, 1773, Syn.? Xylocopa confusa Perez, 1901, Syn.?	Tauk (N W Province); Baluchistan: Pasni, Mekran Coast; Punjab: Khewra, Salt Range, Karor Range, E. Rawalpindi, Choa, Shahpur, Lahore; Karachi; India: Delhi, Kangra Valley, Dehradun, Kichha, Naini Tal, Bijnor, Meerut, Basha Ghat (M. P.), Sawai Madhopur, Kota, Hoshangabad, Belgaum, Poona, Nasik, Andheri, Salsette (Goa), Bangalore, Cuddapah, Razam-peta, Palnis, Coimbatore, N. Vellore, Madura, Kurnool (Tamilnadu); Raxaul, Bhagalpur, Pusa, Taljhari, Santhal Parganas (Bihar); Chilka Lake (Orissa), Santiniketan, Birbhum (W. Bengal), Assam, Malaysia, Sri Lanka: Anuradhapura, Matale; Myanmar: Mergui; Jore, Singa-pore, Sumatra: Anei Kloof, West coast of Sumatra, Fort de Kock; Java: Lambreth, Buitenzorg; Batavia, Borneo, Amboina, Saigon, Nepal: Chatri Gouri, Nepal Terai, and Africa.
10.	abbotti (Cockerell) Mesotrichia abbotti Cockerell, 1909 Xylocopa coerulea (Fabricius) sensu Bingham, 1897, Misident.	Trong (Lower Siam), Tenasserim.
11.	bryorum (Fabricius) Apis bryorum Fabricius, 1775 Xylocopa aestuans (Linnaeus) sensu Smith, 1864 & 1874, Misident.	Sikkim, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Malabar up to Australia; Northern India (Smith, 1874).
12.	coerulea (Fabricius) Bombus coeruleus Fabricius, 1804 Xylocopa semiarmenia Wiedemann, 1821, Syn., Cyaneoderes fairchildi Ashmead, 1899, Syn. Xylocopa caeruleiformis Meade-Waldo, 1914, Syn. Xylocopa fusca Meade-Waldo, 1916, Syn. Xylocopa caerulea Auctt.	Sikkim, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Indo-China, Borneo, Java, New Caledonia (?).
13.	flavicollis (DeGeer) Apis flavi-collis DeGeer, 1778 Apis citronella DeGeer, 1778, Syn. Apis collaris Olivier, 1789, Syn. Xylocopa divisa Klug, 1807, N. Syn. (by Hurd, Personal comm.)	Ma (1938: p. 328) indicated it (as Xylocopa divisa Klug) was distributed in Africa, but Dalla Torre (1896) added India to its distribution. In fact, it has never been found in any part of Asia.
14.	flavonigrescens Smith Xylocopa flavo-nigrescens Smith, 1854 Xylocopa malayana Cameron, 1901, Syn. Mesotrichia confusa viridissima Cockerell, 1918, Syn.	Sikkim, Darjeeling, Sylhet (Assam), Andaman Islands, South Tenasserim, Singapore, Siam; Penang (Malaysia); Tavoy (Myanmar); Upper Tenasserim.
15.	hafizii Ma Xylocopa hafizii Ma, 1938	Karwar, Jog, N. Kanara District, Mahabaleshwar (Maharashtra); Soccorro, Malabar (Goa); Sagar, Shimoga, Coorg, Pollibetta (Karnataka); Nagarcoil, Trivendrum, Tenmalai (Kerala).
16.	minor Maidl Xylocopa (Koptorthosoma) minor Maidl, 1912	Sikkim.
17.	provida Smith Xylocopa provida Smith, 1864	Smith (1864) described from Mysol and Wigiou, Sunda Islands and was later recorded from Northern India (Smith 1874); Sri Lanka.
18.	ruficornis Fabricius Xylocopa ruficornis Fabricius, 1804 Xylocopa verticalis Lepeletier, 1841, Syn. Xylocopa bryorum (Fabricius) sensu Bingham, 1896, Misident. Xylocopa ceylonica Cameron 1901, Syn. Xylocopa clavicrus Maidl, 1912, Syn. X. (Koptorthosoma) separata Pérez sensu Maidl, 1912, Misident. Xylocopa verticillata Lieftinck, 1957, Syn.	Kashmir: Srinagar; South India: Bangalore, Barkuda Island, Madras; Orissa: Puri, Chilka Lake, Ganjam District; Bihar: Dalkhola, Purneah; W. Bengal: Calcutta, Siliguri, Jalpaiguri, Comilla; Sikkim: Mangpu, Barra-ckpore, Murshidabad; Sri Lanka: Andaravela, Anuradhapura, Badulla, Mannar, Murunkan; Philippine: Luzon; Annam, Siam, Java, Malaysia: Kuala Kangsar, Perak; Sumatra: Medan, Celebes up to Australia(?).
19.	separata Perez Xylocopa separata Perez, 1901.	India (Exact location not known)
*Genus Xylocopa* Subgenus Maaiana Minckley, 1998**
20.	bentoni Cockerell Xylocopa bentoni Cockerell, 1919 Xylocopa kotzschi Hedicke, 1938, Syn.	North Western Frontier Province: Abbottabad, Andarab, W. Hindu Kush (Afghanistan); Dharmsala, Kaisdhar, Kullu; Uttar Pradesh: Mossy Nullah, Mussoorie, Dehradun, Ranikhet [on Robinia sp., Acacia sp. & Calotropis sp.], Lol ba, Garhwal, Kumaon, Dehradun, Chakrata.
21.	punctigena Ma Xylocopa (Nodula) punctigena Ma, 1938	Punjab: Hamirpur Range, Hoshiarpur, Uttar Pradesh: Bhadraj, Mussoorie
Genus Xylocopa Subgenus Mesotrichia Westwood, 1838
22.	acutipennis Smith Xylocopa acutipennis Smith, 1854 Xylocopa splendidipennis Ritsema, 1876, Syn.	Singla, Sevok, Kalimpong, Sitong, Pashok, Tindharia, Mangpu (all in Darjeeling District), Sikkim, Sylhet, N. Khasi, Garo Hills; Myanmar: Dwana Hills, southern Myan-mar, Tenasserim; Nepal: Kathmandu, Nayorkorte, Nepal Valley.
23.	assimilis Ritsema Xylocopa assimilis Ritsema, 1880 Xylocopa gastrica Maa, 1939, Syn.	Kashmir
24.	latipes (Drury) Apis latipes Drury, 1773 Apis gigas DeGeer, 1773, Syn. Mesotrichia (Platynopoda) latipes basiloptera Cockerell 1917, Syn.	Bengal: Pankhabari, Singla, Darjeeling, Kalimpong, Calcutta, Balasan Forest, E. Himalayas, Mangpu; Sikkim; Assam: Therria Ghat, Khasi Hills, Sibsagar; Meghalaya: Shillong, Naga Hills, Myanmar: Logae, Tavoy, Upper Tena-sserim: Mergui, Tenasserim, Mekane, Hopin, Myitkyina Dist., Maymyo; Malaysia: Johore, Perek; Singapore; Sumatra, Borneo, Sarawak, Sundakan, Sintong; Siam. China, Amboina, Philippines.
25.	magnifica (Cockerell) Mesotrichia latipes var. magnifica Cockerell, 1929	Siam, Bengal: Balasan Forest, E. Himalayas, Maini Mukh, Chittagong Hills Tracts.
26.	perforator Smith Xylocopa perforator Smith, 1861 Xylocopa perforatrix Schulz, 1906, Unjustified Emend.	Sri Lanka, Sumatra: Medan; Java: Buitenzorg; Lambok; Ternate (Sunda Islands).
27.	tenuiscapa Westwood Xylocopa (Platynopoda) tenuiscapa Westwood, 1840 Xylocopa latreillei Lepeletier, 1841, Syn. Xylocopa viridipennis Lepeletier, 1841, Syn. Xylocopa lativentris Blanchard, 1844, Syn. Xylocopa albo-fasciata Sichel, 1867, Syn. Xylocopa esica Cameron, 1902, Syn. Xylocopa tenuicornis Ashmead 1904, Lapsus	Srinagar, Kashmir; Saharanpur, Dehradun, Sat Tal, Nagpur, Ratnagiri District, Mahabaleshwar, Satara, Sangli, Tavargatti, Belgaum, Karwar, Bassein, Marmagao, Soccorro, Shimoga, Bangalore, Triven-drum, Peermade, Kodaikanal, Palni Hills, Barkuda Island, Chilka Lake, Bellary, Palkonda Hills, Kangumaduga, Seshacha-lama, Cuddapah District, Vempali, Nadur, Javadi Hills, Denkanikota, Salem, Yercaud, Kuttur, Cumbun, Anamalai Hills, Tiruchirapalli, Palnis, Kodaikanal, Vellore, Orissa: Barkul, Gopkunda Island, Chilka Lake, Puri, Bihar: Nalanda, Purneah, Ranchi, Champaran, Bettiah; Bengal: Balasan Forest, Calcutta, Panighata, Dakhindari Salt Lake, Murshidabad, Shanti-niketan, Birbhum, Darjeeling District, Pulta near Barrackpore, Saraghat, Kalimpong, Sikkim; Assam: Companyganj, Khasi Hills, Margherita; Nepal: Monda; Sri Lanka: Ampara, Colombo, Galle, Hambantota, Monaragala, atnapura, Bandaravela, Nego-mbo, Perdeniya, Niroddumunai near Trincomalee; Maldives, Andamans, China (Yunnan), Siam (Chieng Mai), Java & Timor.
*Genus Xylocopa* Subgenus Nodula Ma, 1938**
28.	amethystina amethystina (Fabricius) Apis amethystina Fabricius, 1793 Xylocopa ignita Smith 1874, Syn. Xylocopa amethystina sigiriana Cockerell, 1911, Syn.	Punjab, Northwest Provinces, Kumaon, Bombay, Malabar, Sri Lanka: Ampara, Anuradhapura, Matale, Polonnaruwa.
29.	amethystina phanerocephala Cockerell Xylocopa amethystina phanerocephala Cockerell, 1920	Dehra Dun, Bombay, Soccorro (Goa), Quilon (Kerala), Vishakhapattanam, Golkunda, Nilgiris, Ootacamund, Bababuddin Hills, Bangalore (Karnataka), Kotagiri (Nilgiris), Salem, Cuddapah, Kuttur and Ooty (Tamilnadu); Sri Lanka: Niroddumunai, M. Iluppala, N. Sri Lanka.
30.	madurensis Friese Xylocopa madurensis Friese, 1913, DEZ VII: p. 88.	Madura, Madras, Kodaikanal.
31.	meyeri Dusmet y Alonso Xylocopa (Xylocopa) meyeri Dusmet y Alonso, 1924	This species was placed, possibly inadvertantly, in the subgenus Maaiana by Michener (2000), when he stated that the first six species in Hurd & Moure's (1963) key to males of Nodula were the six species those were placed in Maaiana. This differs, however, from Minckley's original placement of only five species into Maaiana, as indicated above. Neither Michener nor Minckley has examined the type of meyeri, however (Minckley, pers. comm.), and at present we consider it to be a species of Nodula, following Ma's (1938) treatment of the species as a possible synonym of X. madurensis, whose placement in Nodula is not in doubt. Distribution: Southern India.
32.	nigrotarsata Ma Xylocopa (Nodula) nigrotarsata Ma, 1938	Guduholli, Bombay.
33.	prashadi Ma Xylocopa (Nodula) prashadi Ma, 1938	Madras, Coonoor, Nilgiris.
34.	ramakrishnai Ma Xylocopa amethystina sensu Cockerell, 1911 (nec Fabricius) Xylocopa ignita Cockerell, 1919 (nec Smith), Female. Xylocopa amethystina Dover, 1922 (in part, nec Fabricius) Xylocopa ramakrishnai Ma, 1938: p. 296.	The specimens that constitute the syntype series of this species have apparently not been examined since its description, and presumably the taxon still lacks a designated lectotype. It was considered by Ma (1938) to be closely related to X. prashadi. Distribution: Dodabetta, Niligirs (Tamilnadu).
35.	remota Ma Xylocopa (Nodula) remota Ma, 1938	South India (?).
*Genus Xylocopa* Subgenus Nyctomelitta Cockerell, 1929**
36.	proximata Ma Xylocopa (Nyctomelitta) proximata Ma, 1938	Andaman Islands.
37.	tranquebarica (Fabricius) Bombus tranquebaricus Fabricius, 1804 Xylocopa rufescens Smith, 1874, Syn.	Pachgani (W. Ghats), Bombay, Karwar, Bangalore, Bababuddin Hills, Coorg, South Malabar (Tamilnadu), Coonoor, Sappel, Palghat, Darjeeling, Jalpaiguri, Sikkim, Rangoon (Myanmar), Petrsut Reserve, Katha Division, Maymyo, Shan Plateau, in Sri Lanka: Kanthaley, Niroddumunai (Trincomalee), Vilankulam, Colleetek (N.P.), Siam, Tenasserim, Java, Sumatra & Borneo.
Genus Xylocopa Subgenus Proxylocopa Hedicke, 1938
38.	rufa Friese Xylocopa olivieri rufa Friese, 1901 Xylocopa erivanensis Pérez, 1901, Syn.	Turkestan, Turkmenia, Quetta to extreme northern India.
Genus Xylocopa Subgenus Xylocopa Latreille, 1802 s.str.
39.	valga Gerstaecker Xylocopa valga Gerstaecker, 1872 Xylocopa ramulorum Rondani, 1874, Syn. Xylocopa convexa Smith, 1878, Syn. Xylocopa pyropyga Friese, 1913, Syn.	Widely distributed in Palaearctic, Mediterranean, north-European and the Siberian regions besides follow-ing territories in Asia: Jhelum Valley (5200’), Gilgit, Srinagar (Kashmir); Haran Plateau, Sindh Valley, N. W. Frontier Province: Karakal, Bumboret Valley, Chitral; Ustui Gol, Rambhar Valley, Chitral, Abbotabad, Chamba, Shahpur (Punjab); Golpara (Assam); Turkey: Taurus Pampe, Asia Minor; Turkestan, Nun-bulak; China: Kogyar, E. Turkestan, Yarkand, Hechyei, Kohtai, Kansu, Manchouli.
40.	violacea (Linnaeus) Apis violacea Linnaeus, 1758 Apis insubrica Mÿller, 1766, Syn. Xylocopa femorata Fabricius, 1804, Syn.	Jhelum Valley, Gilgit, Srinagar in Kashmir; Sindh Valley, North West Frontier Province: Karakal, Bumboret Valley, Chitral, Abbo-tabad; Punjab: Chamba, Shahpur, Ludhiana, Pathankot; Turkey: Taurus Pampe, Turke-stan in Turk-menia; China: Kogyar, E. Turkestan, Hechyei, Kohtai, Kansu, Manchouli.
Genus Xylocopa Subgenus Zonohirsuta Ma, 1938
41.	dejeanii dejeanii Lepeletier Xylocopa collaris Lepeletier, 1841, Homo. (nec Olivier, 1789) Xylocopa dejeanii Lepeletier, 1841 Xylocopa bryanti Cockerell, 1919, Syn.	Kumaun, Allahabad, Sikkim, Myanmar, Malaysia up to Siam, Sri Lanka: Anuradhapura, Colombo.
42.	dejeanii bhowara Ma Xylocopa collaris bhowara Ma, 1938	Kalutara & Yakambi in Maharashtra; Trivendrum, Tenmalai, Cochin in Kerala; Sri Lanka: Kandy, Niroddumunai, Colombo, Ampara, Galle, Kalutara, Anuradhapura, Matale, Badurelia; Palypitiya (N W Province); Andamans: Hope Town (Pani Ghat).
43.	dejeanii binghami Cockerell Xylocopa collaris Lepeletier, 1841 (in part) Xylocopa dejeanii binghami Cockerell, 1904	Nakronda, Dehradun, Darjeeling, Teesta, Siliguri, Samsing, Kalimpong, Riijang, Singla Bazar, Sikkim; Sibsagar, Naga Hills, Marghertia, Sadiya, Khasi Hills (Assam); Khamba Jong (Tibet).
44.	dejeanii nigrocaerula Smith Xylocopa nigro-caerula Smith, 1874	Sri Lanka, Celebes.
45.	dejeanii penangensis Cockerell Xylocopa collaris penangensis Cockerell, 1918	Malaysia: Penang, Kwala Kangsar, Perak, Johore; Myanmar: Mergui; Upper Tenasserim; Moulmein, Tenasserim, Thaungyin Valley, Hlebwe, Katha division, Bodaung, S. Tougoo.

auripennis Lepeletier

auripennis iridipennis Lepeletier

nasalis Westwood

tranquebarorum concolorata (Ma)

tranquebarorum tranquebarorum (Swederus)

cyanescens Brullé

basalis Smith

fenestrata fenestrata (Fabricius)

aestuans aestuans (Linnaeus)

abbotti (Cockerell)

bryorum (Fabricius)

coerulea (Fabricius)

flavicollis (DeGeer)

flavonigrescens Smith

hafizii Ma

minor Maidl

provida Smith

ruficornis Fabricius

separata Perez

bentoni Cockerell

punctigena Ma

Genus Xylocopa Subgenus Mesotrichia Westwood, 1838

acutipennis Smith

assimilis Ritsema

latipes (Drury)

magnifica (Cockerell)

perforator Smith

tenuiscapa Westwood

amethystina amethystina (Fabricius)

amethystina phanerocephala Cockerell

madurensis Friese

meyeri Dusmet y Alonso

nigrotarsata Ma

prashadi Ma

ramakrishnai Ma

remota Ma

proximata Ma

tranquebarica (Fabricius)

Genus Xylocopa Subgenus Proxylocopa Hedicke, 1938

rufa Friese

Genus Xylocopa Subgenus Xylocopa Latreille, 1802 s.str.

valga Gerstaecker

violacea (Linnaeus)

Genus Xylocopa Subgenus Zonohirsuta Ma, 1938

dejeanii dejeanii Lepeletier

dejeanii bhowara Ma

dejeanii binghami Cockerell

dejeanii nigrocaerula Smith

dejeanii penangensis Cockerell