Detailed anatomical studies of the human skin using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) have revealed that the morphological structure of human eccrine sweat ducts are composed of a helical shape. The human sweat ducts are the biological equivalent of helical antennas that resemble their electromagnetic (EM) behavior by receiving signals in the sub-THz frequency range.  Specifically, their helical shape and electrically conductive sweat allow them to absorb radiation at specific frequencies, essentially acting as small antennas.

Human sweat ducts, specifically their helical structure and conductive nature, have been proposed to function as low-Q-factor helical antennas, particularly in the sub-THz (terahertz) and millimeter wave frequency ranges.

*** The coiled portion of the sweat duct in upper skin layer is regarded as a helical antenna in thesub-THz band.  The reflectance of the human skin in the sub-THz region depends on the intensity of perspiration, i.e. sweat duct's conductivity, and correlates with levels of human stress(physical, mental and emotional).

*** The results of this study emphasize the reaction of human skin to the EM radiation in the sub-THz range, due to helically shaped sweat ducts spaded all over our body, which possess EMproperties in this range. While the influence of the sub-THz radiation on our body is not yetunderstood, we definitely witness an explicit response of our skin to that range of frequencies.

Common illustrations of the skin present a convoluted arrangement for the sweat glands and amore or less straight tube for the sweat ducts and in the interaction of microwave radiation and human beings, the skin is traditionally considered as just an absorbing sponge stratum filled with water. However, detailed anatomical studies of the human skin, using optical coherence tomography (OCT), have revealed that the morphological structure of our sweat ducts is remarkably helical (see Figure 1) [9]. This observation, together with the fact that the dielectricpermittivity of the dermis is higher than that of the epidermis, brought forward the hypothesis that human sweat ducts could exhibit electromagnetic (EM) behavior similar to that of classical helical antennas.

In 2008, based on this idea, we published the first study confirming that the sweat duct could indeed behave as passive, low -Q antenna at sub-THz frequencies [11]. By applying basic antenna theory [12] to the typical duct dimensions, the characteristic frequencies of both end fire and normal modes were found to be in the sub-THz frequency range (see Figure 2).

Since electric conductivity is necessary for any response, it was proposed [11] that the ac electric current “activated” in the “duct antenna” would be due to the diffusion of protons via hopping through distributed H-bond networks, known to exist in biological structures [14, 15]. The estimated hopping rates are in the range of 10 13-1014 s-1 (see Figure 3), sufficient to supply an oscillation in the sub-THz range.

Furthermore, the diffusion of the proton though the network can be considered as “forced” along the direction of the duct. This is due to the drop in the electric potential caused by the pH difference between the skin surface (pH~5.5) and the dermis (pH~7) [15]. Thus, the sweat ducts possess all required features to reveal antenna-like behavior in the extremely high frequency band (EHF band or the millimeter/sub-millimeter band).

It was established in 1958 that 90% of human sweat duct have a right-handed turn [36]. This homogeneity will mean that an electromagnetic wave reflected from them will exhibit predominantly right-handed circular polarization (see Figure5). The predominance of right-handed over left-handed polarization is known as Circular Dichroism and this was confirmed in the reflection coefficient of the palm of the hand [37].

Diagram of the structure and location of sweat glands in human skin.

https://ebrary.net/132184/health/dopamine_sweating

The depth of penetration in human tissue (skin, muscle and tissues with high water content) for a frequency of 10 GHz which lies in5G frequency spectrum is about a few mm. Given this consideration, highfrequency 5G radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) easily penetrate living skin cells and can make them severely damaged.

SOURCE: 5G Technology: Why Should We Expecta shift from RF-Induced Brain Cancers toSkin Cancers?

SOURCE:  https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/reveh-2020-0165/html

Abstract:

Millimeter wave (MM-wave) electromagneticf ields (EMFs) are predicted to not produce penetrating effects in the body. The electric but not magnetic part of MM-EMFs are almost completely absorbed within the outer 1 mm of the body.  Rodents are reported to have penetrating MM-wave impacts on the brain, the myocardium, liver, kidney and bone marrow.  MM-waves produce electromagnetic sensitivity-like changes in rodent, frog and skate tissues. In humans, MM-waves have penetrating effects including impacts on the brain, producing EEG changes and other neurological / neuropsychiatric changes, increases in apparent electromagnetic hypersensitivity and produce changes on ulcers and cardiac activity.

This review focuses on several issues required to understand penetrating effectsof MM-waves and microwaves:

1. Electronically generated EMFs are coherent, producing much higher electrical and magnetic forces then do natural incoherent EMFs.  Electronically generated electromagnetic fields (EMFs) are highly coherent, being generated at specific frequencies, with specific vector direction, with a specific phase and specific polarity.

2. The fixed relationship between electrical and magnetic fields found in EMFs in a vacuum or highly permeable medium such as air, predicted by Maxwell’s equations, breaks downin other materials. Specifically, MM-wave electrical fields are almost completely absorbed in the outer 1 mm of the body due to the high dielectric constant of biological aqueous phases. However, the magnetic fields are very highly penetrating.

3. Time-varying magnetic fields have central roles in producing highly penetrating effects. The primary mechanism of EMF action is voltage-gated calcium channel (VGCC) activation with the EMFs acting via their forces on the voltage sensor, rather than by depolarization of the plasma membrane. Two distinct mechanisms, an indirect and a direct mechanism, are consistent with and predicted by the physics, to explain penetrating MM-wave VGCC activation via the voltage sensor. Time-varying coherent magnetic fields, as predicted by the Maxwell–Faraday version of Faraday’s law of induction, can put forces on ions dissolved in aqueous phases deep within the body, regenerating coherent electric fields which activate the VGCC voltage sensor. In addition, time-varying magnetic fields can directly put forces on the 20 charges in the VGCC voltage sensor. There are three very important findings here which are rarely recognized in the EMF scientific literature: coherence of electronically generated EMFs; the key role of time-varying magnetic fields in generating highly penetrating effects; the key role of both modulating and pure EMF pulses in greatly increasing very short term high level time-variation of magnetic and electric fields. It is probable that genuine safety guidelines must keep nanosecond timescale-variation of coherent electric and magnetic fields below some maximum level in order to produce genuine safety. These findings have important implications with regard to 5G radiation.

Penetrating effects of MM-wave and microwave radiation

Penetrating effects of non-thermal, non-pulsed, continuous wave MM-wave exposures have been reported in a large number of studies. Zalyobokskaya [19] reported that such exposures in rodents produced pathophysiologicalstructural, functional and biochemical changes in each ofthe following internal organs: the brain, the myocardium,liver, kidney and bone marrow. These are each deeper in the body that 1 mm and therefore provide evidence for deeper MM-wave effects than the industry claims ispossible.

We will be discussing here MM-wave effects impacting human brain function as well as a number of other penetrating effects of MM-wave radiation. References [20–24] each show that low intensity, non-thermal non-pulsed MM-wave EMFs produce changes in the EEGs in the human brain which are a measure of the electrical activity of the brain. The citations [21–24] each also find other neurological effects in addition to EEG effects are produced such MM-wave EMFs. The shortest path from outside the body into the human brain is through the skin, skull and meninges surrounding the brain, usually circa 6–7 mm in adults.

Multiple primary literature studies and also review articles which show that EEGs are influenced by low intensity, non-thermal microwave frequency EMFs and also cited many primary literature studies showing that such microwave frequency EMFs also produce widespread human neurological and neuropsychiatric effects.

THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS

There are genuine therapeutic effects produced by microwave and other frequency EMFs, so it should not be surprising to find that MM-waves can produce therapeutic effects. There are multiple studies reporting that non-thermal, non-pulsed MM-waves produce improved bone marrow function in humans [29–32]. Other therapeutic effects of MM-waves include increased healing of gastric and duodenal ulcers[33] and improved cardiac function [34, 35].

5G MODULATING PULSES

5G radiation, however, uses extraordinarily high levels of modulating pulses in order to carry extraordinarily high amounts of information per second [36]. Reference [28] cited 10 different reviews each showing that EMFs with modulating pulses produce, in most cases, much higher levels of biological effects than do non-pulsed (continuous wave) EMFs of the same average intensity. If follows that 5G may be predicted to produce very damaging highly penetrating effects 1 because of its extraordinary level of modulating pulsation.

The primary mechanism of action of low intensity EMFs in producing biological effects is activation of voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) via its voltage sensor

The direct target of the EMFs is the voltage-sensor, which, in the normal physiology, controls the opening of the VGCCs in response to partial depolarization across the plasma membrane. Four distinct classes of VGCCs are activated in response to low level EMF exposures, L-type, T-type, N-type and P/Q-type VGCCs [40]. Voltage-gated sodium, potassium, and chloride channels, each controlled by a similar voltage sensor are also activated by low intensity EMF exposures, although these have relatively minor roles in producing effects compared with those of VGCC-produced [Ca2+]i elevation [28]. Plant TPC channel activation via a similar voltage sensor also produce plant calcium-dependent EMF effects [41]. Each of these channels is controlled by a similar voltage-sensor, suggesting that the voltage-sensor is the direct EMF target.

5G Induced Suicides

Reference [71] is a German news article about protests of German physicians in Stuttgart Germany following a 5G rollout. The physicians report seeing substantial apparent effects on their patients including neurological / neuropsychiatric effects, cardiac effects and EHS.

There was much concern about three suicides over an 11 day period of emergency medical technicians working in the first 5G ambulance [75]. This occurred in Coventry, UK.  The idea was that 5G could be used to transmit much medical information from the hospital to the ambulance and could also be used to transmit much electronic patient information from the ambulance to the hospital. The first EMT suicide occurred approximately two weeks after the EMTs started working in the 5G ambulance. Among the more common neuropsychiatric effects produced in humans by EMF exposures are depression and anxiety [27], both of which when severe can cause suicide. It is possible that EHS may play a role in the approximate two week time period between the beginning of service of the 5G ambulance and the first suicide. Development of progressively more severe EHS over that two week period may be predicted to produce progressively more severe depression and anxiety.

In this research, we show that 5G millimeter waves could be absorbed by dermatologic cells acting like antennas, transferred to other cells and play the main role in producing Coronaviruses in biological cells. DNA is built from charged electrons and atoms and has an inductor-like structure. This structure could be divided into linear, toroid and round inductors. Inductors interact with external electromagnetic waves, move and produce some extra waves within the cells. The shapes of these waves are similar to shapes of hexagonal and pentagonal bases of their DNA source. These waves produce some holes in liquids within the nucleus. To fill these holes, some extra hexagonal and pentagonal bases are produced. These bases could join to each other and form virus-like structures such as Coronavirus. To produce these viruses within a cell, it is necessary that the wavelength of external waves be shorter than the size of the cell. Thus 5G millimeter waves could be good candidates for applying in constructing virus-like structures such as Coronaviruses (COVID-19) within cells.

COVID-19 may have effects on different types of cells. For example, it has been argued that this virus may have some effects on dermatologic cells (6). On the other hand, it has been known that some waves in 5G technology have direct effects on the skin cells (7). Thus, there are some similarities between effects of COVID-19 and waves in 5G technology.  A new question arises regarding a relationship between 5G technology and COVID-19. The 5G technology is the fifth-generation mobile technology in which its frequency spectrum could be divided into millimeter waves, mid-band, and low-band.

Skin cells are in close connections with nerve fibers.These fibers in the nervous system play the role of wires which carry some electrical currents; these currents produce some electromagnetic waves. These waves and currents are taken by melanocytes, keratinocytes and other dermatologic cells and transmitted to the medium.  On the other hand, skin cells could take waves of towers and transfer to other cells and neurons. Thus, dermatologic cells could act as an antenna (Fig. 1).

An antenna could take waves in which their wavelengths are equal to its size. Thus, millimeter waves in 5G technology could be taken more by dermatologic antennas. These waves could pass the cell membranes, enter the nucleus and interact with DNAs. Previously, it has been shown that a DNA could act as the inductor and receiver or sender of waves (16). Thus, a DNA within a dermatologic cell like a keratinocyte receives external waves and sends them to DNAs of other cells like melanocytes. Waves in 5G technology and higher technologies could contribute in gene expressions, turn on some genes and turn off others (Fig. 2).

DISCUSSION

Our results show that, by decreasing the wavelength, waves emitted from towers in 5G and higher technologies could have more effect on evolutions of DNAs within cells. This is because dermatologic cell membranes act as an antenna for these waves. They are built from charged particles, such as electrons and atoms, and could emit or receive waves. On the other hand, an antenna could only take waves in which their lengths are not greater than its size. Thus, a cell membrane could take millimeter waves in 5G technology. These waves could pass the membrane and interact with biological matters within a cell. If wavelengths of 5G waves be equal or less than the size of a nucleus, they can pass the nuclear membrane and interact with DNAs. These DNAs are built from hexagonal and pentagonal bases and, by their motions, some holes emerge. These holes are filled by hexagonal and pentagonal extra bases which are constructed by cells. These bases could join to each other and form some viruses such as Coronavirus. It is concluded that in the next generation of mobile technology, emitted waves of towers will have more effects on biological cells.

In this research, we have shown that new generation mobile technology, like 5G, could have the main role in constructing various types of viruses, such as Coronaviruses, within a cell. Some wavelengths in these technologies are smaller than the size of biological cells and could pass the cell membrane and enter the nucleus. These waves could be taken by dermatologic antenna, transfer to host cells, interact with DNAs and move them. A DNA is formed from charged particles and, by its motions, electromagnetic waves emerge. These waves produce hexagonal and pentagonal holes in liquids within nucleus and the cell. To fill these holes, bases are produced. These bases join to each other and can construct viruses like Coronaviruses.