Date: 3 Mar 92 18:36:40 GMT
Message-ID: <[email protected]>
References: <[email protected]>
Subject: Re: Carnatic Melakarthas query
In article <[email protected]> [email protected] (SUBU Ramasubramanian) writes:
Carnatic melakarthas are prefixed in some cases (like in Hanuma Todi, Chala Naatai) or even called differently than its popular name (like Kamavardhini for pantuvarali). There is an interesting reason for this.
These prefixes are to enable you to find out the number of the melaartha according to katapayadi sankhya scheme. (according to B Subba Rao in his book called "Raga nidhi" -a comparative study of carnatic and hindustani ragas)
Can some one tell me what this scheme is and how one can find the position of a raga from its name?
The names of the mAELa rAgas conform to the katapayAdhe sangKya---which is an ancient system of nomenclature used in astrology, and later co-opted into music.
The word ka-ta-pa-yA-dhe is coined from:
kAdhe dhaSa 10 symbols
tAdhe dhaSa 10 symbols
pAdhe panjca 5 symbols
yAdhe aSTa 8 symbols
The names kAdhe, tAdhe, pAdhe and yAdhe come from the starting consonants of different consonantal series in the dhAEvanAgarE script enumerated in a canonical order, as shown below.
-----------------------------------------------------------------
group 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
-----------------------------------------------------------------
kAdhe k K g G ng c C j J nj
tAdhe t T d D N th Th dh Dh n
pAdhe p P b B m
yAdhe y r l v S Sh s h
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Here is how the katapayAdhe scheme should be used. Given a phrase written in dhAEvanAgarE, strip away all vowels and non-syllabic consonants (consonants do that not have a following vowel and occur in the non-final position of consonant clusters)---this results in a consonant string. Replace each consonant with the digit corresponding to its katapayAdhe number and you will get a string of digits. The specific katapayAdhe scheme that we are discussing is a little more involved. In this case, consider only the first two consonants, convert them to their digit representation, and then swap their order. You will get a two-digit number which defines the katapayAdhe number of the initial word or phrase.
The algorithm for converting a mAELa rAga name to its katapayAdhe number is:
The table below enumerates the above steps for all the 72 mAELa rAgas of karNAtaka music. The exceptions to the strict katapayAdhe rule are marked with an asterisk. In the case of these mAELa rAgas, the non-syllabic consonant is used in the numbering scheme. Some discussions of the katapayAdhe sangKya imply that the first two consonants (syllabic or otherwise) should be used in computing the number. This rule is incorrect and will cause many more anomalies. It is also clear from the names of the mAELa rAgas that they were coined by people who were not quite at home with the sa~skRth language---names like cakravAham and kEravANE are not well-formed sa~skRth names. This in itself is not a problem, but the application of the katapayAdhe sangKya to non-sa~skRth words may not always be appropriate.
----------------------------------------------------------------- mAELa S1-S2 C1-C2 D1-D2 sangKya ----------------------------------------------------------------- kanakAnggE ka-na k-n 1-0 01 rathnAnggE ra-na r-n 2-0 02 gAnamUrthe gA-na g-n 3-0 03 vanaspathE va-na v-n 4-0 04 mAnavathE mA-na m-n 5-0 05 thAnarUpE thA-na th-n 6-0 06 ----------------------------------------------------------------- sAEnAvathE sAE-nA s-n 7-0 07 hanumathOdE ha-nu h-n 8-0 08 DhAEnukA DhAE-nu Dh-n 9-0 09 nAtakapreyA nA-ta n-t 0-1 10 kOkelapreyA kO-ke k-k 1-1 11 rUpavathE rU-pa r-p 2-1 12 ----------------------------------------------------------------- gAyakapreyA gA-ya g-y 3-1 13 vakuLABaraNam va-ku v-k 4-1 14 mAyAmALavagAULa mA-yA m-y 5-1 15 cakravAham (*) ca-k c-k 6-1 16 sUryakAntham sU-ya s-y 7-1 17 hAtakAmbarE hA-ta h-t 8-1 18 ----------------------------------------------------------------- JangkAraDhvanE Ja-kA J-k 9-1 19 naTaBIravE na-Ta n-T 0-2 20 kEravANE kE-ra k-r 1-2 21 KaraharapreyA Ka-ra K-r 2-2 22 gAUremanOharE gAU-rE g-r 3-2 23 varuNapreyA va-ru v-r 4-2 24 ----------------------------------------------------------------- mAraranjjanE mA-ra m-r 5-2 25 cArukAEsE cA-ru c-r 6-2 26 sarasAnggE sa-ra s-r 7-2 27 harekAmBOjE ha-re h-r 8-2 28 DhEraSangkarABaraNam DhE-ra Dh-r 9-2 29 nagAnandhenE na-gA n-g 0-3 30 ----------------------------------------------------------------- yAgapreyA yA-ga y-g 1-3 31 rAgavarDhanE rA-ga r-g 2-3 32 gAnggAEyaBUShaNE gA-gAE g-g 3-3 33 vAgadhESvarE vA-ga v-g 4-3 34 SUlenE SU-le S-l 5-3 35 calanAtta ca-la c-l 6-3 36 ----------------------------------------------------------------- sAlagam sA-la s-l 7-3 37 jalArNavam ja-lA j-l 8-3 38 JAlavarALE JA-la J-l 9-3 39 navanEtham na-va n-v 0-4 40 pAvanE pA-va p-v 1-4 41 raGupreyA ra-Gu r-G 2-4 42 ----------------------------------------------------------------- gavAmbODhe ga-vA g-v 3-4 43 BavapreyA Ba-va B-v 4-4 44 SuBapanthuvarALE Su-Ba S-B 5-4 45 ShadvethmArgenE Sha-ve Sh-v 6-4 46 suvarNAnggE su-va s-v 7-4 47 dhevyamaNE (*) dhe-v dh-v 8-4 48 ----------------------------------------------------------------- DhavaLAmbarE Dha-va Dh-v 8-4 49 nAmanArAyaNE nA-ma n-m 0-5 50 kAmavarDhanE kA-ma k-m 1-5 51 rAmapreyA rA-ma r-m 2-5 52 gamanaSrama ga-ma g-m 3-5 53 veSvAmbarE (*) ve-S v-S 4-5 54 ----------------------------------------------------------------- SyAmaLAnggE (*) S-ma S-m 5-5 55 ShaNmuKapreyA Sha-mu Sh-m 6-5 56 se~hAEndhramaDhyamam (*) se-m s-m 7-5 57 hAEmavathE hAE-ma h-m 8-5 58 DharmavathE Dha-ma Dh-m 9-5 59 nEthemathE nE-the n-th 0-6 60 ----------------------------------------------------------------- kAnthAmaNE kA-thA k-th 1-6 61 reShaBapreyA re-Sha r-Sh 2-6 62 lathAnggE la-thA l-th 3-6 63 vAcaspathE vA-ca v-c 4-6 64 mAEcakalyANE mAE-ca m-c 5-6 65 cethrAmbarE (*) ce-th c-th 6-6 66 ----------------------------------------------------------------- sucarethra su-ca s-c 7-6 67 jyOthesvarUpeNE (*) j-the j-th 8-6 68 DhAthuvarDhanE DhA-thu Dh-th 9-6 69 nAsekABUShaNE nA-se n-s 0-7 70 kOsalam kO-sa k-s 1-7 71 rasekapreyA ra-se r-s 2-7 72 -----------------------------------------------------------------
Some of the mAELa names are concocted---hanuma-thOde, mAyA-mALavaGAULa, Kara-harapreyA, DhEra-SangkarABaraNam, mAEca-kalyANE are examples. The anusvAra in the name se~hAEndhramaDhyamam is considered to be `m' for the purposes of the sangKya. The above table lists the mAELa rAgas of gOvendhAcArya. vAEngkatamaKe used the kanakAmbarE-PAEnadhyuthE system, which also conforms to the katapayAdhe sangKya. The sangKya cannot be applied to the names of the janya rAgas in any meaningful way---for example, the sangKya obtained for a janya rAga does not correspond to the sangKya of its janaka mAELa.
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