Australopithecus anamensis

Representation of Australopithecus anamensis This hominine species was discovered in 1994 by Maeve Leakey in Kanapoi and Allia Bay, situated in North Kenya. It was named Australopithecus anamensis from "anam" meaning "lake" in the local Turkana language. The fossils (9 from Kanapoi and 12 from Allia Bay) include upper and lower jaws, cranial fragments, and the upper and lower parts of a leg bone (tibia). In addition to this, the collection includes a fragment of humerus that was found 30 years ago at the same site at Kanapoi.

Anamensis mandibleThe Kanapoi fossils have been dated at 4.2 million years and those at Allia Bay at 3.9 million years. The dentition is less apelike than in Ardipithecus ramidus, having thick enamel on the molar teeth but relatively large canines. The tibia implies that anamensis was larger than ramidus and afarensis, with an estimated weight of 46 to 55 kilograms; its humanlike anatomy implies that anamensis was bipedal in posture and locomotion. Although distinct from Australopithecus afarensis, its discoveres claim that Australopithecus anamensis resembles the Laetoli fossils more than those found in Hadar. The discovery of this species pushed bipedal walking back half a million years. Facially this species resembles afarensis a lot, it is very apelike.

It was found along the East African Rift valley and due to the dating of this hominine species, Australopithecus anamensis could possibly be an ancestor to "Lucy" and counterparts.

Reference: Leakey, MG, et al. New four-million-year-old hominid species from Kanapoi and Allia Bay, Kenya. Nature 1995; 376: p. 565-571.

| Ardipithecus ramidus | Australopithecus anamensis | Australopithecus afarensis |
| Australopithecus africanus | Australopithecus aethiopicus | Australopithecus boisei |
| Australopithecus robustus | Homo habilis | Homo rudolfensis | Homo erectus | Homo ergaster |
| Homo heidelbergensis | Homo neanderthalensis | Homo sapiens |

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