PISA

 

PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) adalah studi internasional tentang prestasi literasi membaca, matematika, dan sains siswa sekolah berusia 15 tahun. Penyelenggara studi adalah OECD (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development) beserta konsorsium internasional yang membidangi masalah Sampling, Instrumen, Data, Pelaporan, dan sekretariat.

PISA merupakan studi yang diselenggarakan setiap tiga tahun sekali, yaitu pada tahun 2000, 2003, 2006, 2009, 2012 dan seterusnya. Indonesia mulai sepenuhnya berpartisipasi sejak tahun 2001. Pada setiap siklus, terdapat 1 domain major sebagai fokus studi.

PISA tidak hanya memberikan informasi tentang benchmark Internasional tetapi juga informasi mengenai kelemahan serta kekuatan siswa beserta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya.

TARGET PENILAIAN PISA

Pemahaman membaca: (1) teks narasi, (2) teks deskripsi, (3) teks eksposisi, (4) teks eksplanasi, (5) teks laporan, (6) teks prosedur, (7) teks pengayaan-mixed genre.

Matematika: (1) pola bilangan, (2) persamaan dan rumus, (3) bentuk aljabar, (4) bilangan cacah dan bilangan bulat, (5) peluang, (6) interpretasi data, (7) pengaturan dan representasi data, (8) pengukuran, (9) bentuk-bentuk geometris, (10) lokasi, pergerakan, dan spasial, (11) rasio, proporsi dan persentase, (12) pecahan dan decimal.

IPA: (1) gaya dan gerak, (2) perubahan pada lingkungan, (3) perkembangan dan siklus hidup organ, (4) keanekaragaman, adaptasi dan seleksi, (5) ekosistem, (6) struktur, fungsi dan proses pada organisme, (7) karakteristik dan klasifikasi makhluk hidup, (8) jenis, sumber, dan konversi energi, (9) panas dan suhu, (10) kesehatan manusia, (11) cahaya dan optik, (12) listrik dan magnet, serta (13) wujud benda dan perubahan fisika.

 

RENTANG SKOR KEMAMPUAN PISA

Level 4 - Equal to or higher than 640 score points

At Level 4, students can successfully carry out complicated problem-solving tasks with high collaboration complexity. They can solve complex problems with multiple constraints, keeping relevant background information in mind. These students maintain an awareness of group dynamics and take actions to ensure that team members act in accordance with their agreed-upon roles. At the same time, they can monitor progress towards a solution and identify obstacles to overcome or gaps to be bridged. Level 4 students take initiative and perform actions or make requests to overcome obstacles and to resolve disagreements and conflicts. They can balance the collaboration and problem-solving aspects of a presented task, identify efficient pathways to a solution, and take actions to solve the given problem.

Level 3 - 540 to less than 640 score points

At Level 3, students can complete tasks with either complex problem-solving requirements or complex collaboration demands. These students can perform multi-step tasks that require integrating multiple pieces of information, often in complex and dynamic problems. They orchestrate roles within the team and identify information needed by particular team members to solve the problem. Level 3 students can recognize the information needed to solve a problem, request it from the appropriate team member, and identify when the provided information is incorrect. When conflicts arise, they can help team members negotiate a solution.

Level 2 - 440 to less than 540 score points

At Level 2, students can contribute to a collaborative effort to solve a problem of medium difficulty. They can help solve a problem by communicating with team members about the actions to be performed. They can volunteer information not specifically requested by another team member. Level 2 students understand that not all team members have the same information and can consider differing perspectives in their interactions. They can help the team establish a shared understanding of the steps required to solve a problem. These students can request additional information required to solve a problem and solicit agreement or confirmation from team members about the approach to be taken. Students near the top of Level 2 can take the initiative to suggest a logical next step, or propose a new approach, to solve a problem.

Level 1 - 340 to less than 440 score points

At Level 1, students can complete tasks with low problem complexity and limited collaboration complexity. They can provide requested information and take actions to enact plans when prompted. Level 1 students can confirm actions or proposals made by others. They tend to focus on their individual role within the group. With support from team members, and when working on a simple problem, these students can help find a solution to the given problem.