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Tolkien
John Ronald Reuel Tolkien was born in Bloemfontein, South Africa in January 3, 1892. In April 1895 his family returns to Birmingham, England, only his father remains in South Africa and dies of a hemorrhage early in 1896. His mother dies in 1904 from diabetes, the guardianship of Tolkien and his brother is taken over by Father Francis Xavier Morgan, a priest of the Birmingham Oratory. Tolkien was a British university professor, medieval scholar, philologist, and writer of fantasies. His scholarly work at the University of Oxford concerned Anglo-Saxon and medieval literature. This scholarship is evident in the epic works he created about the fantasy world called Middle Earth. He wrote The Hobbit (1937) as a children's book. Its sequel, the trilogy entitled The Lord of the Rings (1954-1955— The Fellowship of the Ring; The Two Towers; The Return of the King), is an imaginative, profound tale of the conflict between good and evil. The Silmarillion (1977), which presents the mythological beginnings of Middle Earth, and Unfinished Tales (1980), which contains unincorporated stories, were edited and completed by Tolkien's son, Christopher Tolkien. Tolkien also wrote criticism and served as the Merton Professor of English at Oxford from 1945 to 1959. Tolkien died in 1973.
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