Diesel Plane

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CLASSIFICATION OF THE DIESEL ENGINES
http://perso.wanadoo.fr/jean-pierre.rossi/diesel/diesel.htm
 
 

 

 
1) Indirect Fuel injection engines

The vehicles diesel with or without turbo equipped with preheating plugs on which one has obligation to make preheat before starting are engines said to indirect injection because the injector does not inject directly into the cylinder but into a precombustion chamber.


They are equipped with a pump rotary injection H P manual (or a little electronics) which distributes the fuel successively to each cylinder by opening the injectors the ones after the others by the pressure of the gas oil.

Puncture-proof advantage


Disadvantages : Ca rows in the coasts except the turbos and that smokes in the transient states with acceleration.

Their pressure of injection is approximately 130 bar


Basic example of DC equipped with this system: *
This is an exhaustive list and does not include/understand of course step all the models

Peugeot J7 J5 (with and
without turbo)
Boxer 1,9 D Boxer 2,5D and TD
Citroen
C25
C35
Jumper
1,9D
Jumper 2,5D and TD
FIAT Ducato
All 1,9l
All 2,5l
 
 
Mercedes
X07
X08
X09
X10
Renault
Traffic
Master (old version)
Renault engine
 
Master and B70
Sofim 8140-061
VW
All combis (old
version)
 
 
All the old LT poured
Ford

All the old ones
poured
 
 
 
FIAT Ducato
All the old ones
poured
 
 
Sofim 9144-61 and 21
Toyota
Lite ace
Hi ace
Hi-lux
 
IVECO
Daily 35-8
Sofim 8140-61
 
 
 


 

Coupe transversale injection indirectee

Coupe Longitudinale du moteur diesel , injection indirecte
 

 


 

2) Direct Fuel injection engines


TDI in group VW, the "old engines" 90 and 110 CV of the golf and Passat for example, dti at Renault, and the tddi (or the transit) at Ford, the IVECO and FIAT TDI equipped with engines SOFIM are diesel engines with direct injection (direct English injection).


Favour : puncture-proof and lower consumption, highly reliable, less ruptures of the cylinder head gaskets on Sofim (Iveco Master and FIAT Ducato)


( All the engines of Trucks, the tractors farm, the machines of public works are of this type) (Until new order)


Disadvantages they are "rather noisy" one recognizes them with their particular slapping related to the pressure of higher injection and they would have had evil to meet the conditions of the future anti-pollution laws (especially models without turbo).

They are equipped with a pump rotary injection HP manual (with electronic elements and sometimes even a calculator). The injection pump distributes the fuel successively to each cylinder by opening the injectors the ones after the others by the pressure of the gas oil but the injector injects directly into the cylinder. These engines (in general) are not equipped with preheating plugs, it is not necessary to preheat the engine to start. *


* They are on the other hand often team of Thermostart located in the pipe of exhaust to heat the air intake (with starting)


Their pressure of injection lies between 180 and 250 bar

Peugeot
Boxer 2,5 CV Tdi
 
 
 
 
 
Citroen
Jumper 2,5 CV Tdi
 
 
 
 
 
FIAT Ducato
1,9 tdi Sofim
2,5 tdi 85CV
Sofim
2,8 tdi 116 and 122 CV
Sofim
 
 
 
Mercedes
X08 sprinter
 
X10 sprinter
 
X12 sprinter
 
Renault
Master
engine
Sofim
B80 Sofim 8140-07
B90 Sofim
8140-21
B110
Sofim
8140-27
B120 Sofim
8140-47

New Master
poured 2,8 tdi
Sofim engine
8140-23 and -43
Opel
Movano all the DTI 115 CV
 
 
 
 
 
VW
T 4
68, 88 and 102 CV
 
LT 88 CV SDi and 102 CV
TDi
 
 
LT 130 CV TDi
American southern engine
not delivered in DC
Ford
All the versions injection
direct
 
 
 
 
 
IVECO
35-8 (new
Daily)
Sofim 8140-
07
35-10 Sofim
8140-021

35-10 New
Daily Sofim
3140-27

35-12
Sofim
8140-47
New generation
35-9, 35-11 Sofim 8140-23
Sofim 8140-43 (except unijet)
 


Coupe transversale du moteur Sofim , injection directe

 

Coupe longitudinale du moteur Sofim , injection directe

 

ELEMENTS ANNEX Of A DIESEL ENGINE

 

(Lucas Documents) Boujies of pre-heating
Preheating plugs
They are used to preheat the precombustion chamber of admission
to facilitate starting
 
 

Relay of pre-heating : Automatically cut off the supply of the preheating plugs.
 
 

Thermostart
Used on certain models to heat the ingoing air

 

Injecteurs

Carry injecting
Element screwed in the cylinder head receives the arrival of the gas oil. It includes/understands: the injector, a spring and spacers for the adjustment of the opening of the injector.


Injector
One by cylinder, pulverizes the gas oil in the room of
combustion. It is composed of a body and a needle.
Its machining is always very precise.
They are a very significant element of your engine their control and their replacement in the event of escape determines the life of your engine.
(Lucas Documents)


 

Pompe à injection

Pumps Injection rotary

(indirect and direct Injection except common rail)
Pressurize the fuel and sends it towards the door injector,la pressure opens successively each injector to distribute the fuel in the cylinders.
They are always equipped with an electro-valve which cuts the fuel arrival. They are often coupled with a calculator on the most recent models.
(Lucas Documents)



 

Electrovane

Electromagnetic sluice gate


Electric element cutting the arrival of carburantà the injection pump.
Is located on the top of the injection pump.


With the origin of the following breakdowns:
On traditional Diesel engine without contribution of electronics:


O The engine does not stop
O The engine does not start Pa S


(Lucas Documents)

 

 

Filtres à Gasoil Filter Gasoil


Filter the gas oil before its arrival with the pump
of injection.
Its action is paramount it is the true rampart for your engine against the impurities and the residues of water.
Its replacement must be made imperatively
according to the data manufacturer.
To supervise more closely still for the engines
with common rail and injector pumps

(Lucas Documents)
 


 

3) Moteurs Common rail and Injecteur Pumps


The JTD of group FIAT, HDI of group PSA, dci Renault, TDCI Mercedes, D4D Toyota are as for
them of the engines known as Common rail.


I.e. that they are equipped with a rotary pump which supplies a common tube (common rail) and the injectors are supplied by this tube, the opening of each injector is done by an electromagnetic sluice gate (source of breakdown) and a calculator to give the order to the injectors to open).
It is a technique FIAT which was transferred at Bosch. (In the future, the electromagnetic sluice gates should be replaced by piezoelectric systems)
There are an alternative which appears on the smaller engines (diesels Renault and common PSA Ford) developed by ex Lucas and now Delphi which replaces the tube by a sphere but operation is the same one.


The supply pressures are included/understood between 1300 and more than 2000 bar


It is not finished group WW complicates with their new TDI formulates: the 100 and 130 CV of the Golfs and Passat which them are equipped with a system says injecting pumps i.e. which there are no more rotary pump but on the other hand the pump are integrated in the injector. When there is the whole is changed (on a cylinder).


With regard to the LT they would seem to be equipped with Common rail dixit DC magazine
The formula of the injectors pumps seems a little more reliable but according to the specialists will have can be more evil to follow the future anti-pollution standards.


Their pressure of injection: more than 2000 bar


Their advantages
With the two systems they are very powerful engines and more discrete no matter what their discretion comes as much from the care carried to sound-proofing as with the technique itself. From where differences between PSA on one 206 for example and Mercedes and BMW on the trucks of luxury.
They pollute less especially in the transitional stages of acceleration (as long as calculator will make its job well).
The customers are "captive" one cannot make repair anywhere.


Disadvantage , they are obviously more fragile and their maintenance is more expensive.

Peugeot
all Boxer HDI
 
 
 
Citroen
all Jumper HDI
 
 
 
FIAT Ducato
1,9 JTD Sofim
2,2 JTD
Sofim
2,8 JTD Sofim
 
Mercedes
Sprinter X08 TDCI OM
611 OF 22

Sprinter X11 TDCI
OM 611 OF 22
Sprinter X13 TDCI
OM 611 OF 22
Sprinter X16 TDCI OM
612 OF 27
Renault
Master all dci
 
 
 
Opel
Movano all dci
 
 
 
WW
T4 no to date
LT 158 CV
 
 
Ford
No to date
 
 
 
IVECO
35-9 Unijet
35-11 Unijet
35-13 Unijet
35-16 Unijet



Common rail

 

Common Rail

 

Haute pression

 

Injecteur Common Rail


 

 

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