Ruolo delle neurotrofine cerebrali nella regolazione endocrina
Ruolo dell'IGF-I nel corso dell'invecchiamento e rigenerazione muscolare

Questi protocolli fanno parte di una serie di studi che e' possibile simboleggiare con un nome, un premio, una truffa, un fallimento.

Gli studi dei fattori di crescita nervosa si ricollegano a:

Un nome: Rita Levi Montalcini

Un premio: Premio Nobel

Una truffa: La multinazionale Fidia che, dopo essere stata accusata di aver pagato per avere il Nobel è stata sicuramente "beccata" a spacciare un farmaco inutile in alcuni casi, ma molto dannoso in altri, e quindi ritirato dal mercato: il Cronassial.

Un fallimento: non c'è mai stato un solo paziente, neanche uno, che sia stato curato con "la rivoluzionaria scoperta" della Montalcini. Neanche uno. Si tratta di una delle più grandi illusioni della storia della medicina. (Maggiori informazioni su questa vicenda su La Smonda).

Con che criterio le è stato dato il Nobel? Perché un ennesimo massacro di animali per qualcosa che nell'uomo non funziona? Perché il bambino sulla sedia a rotelle è un ottimo metodo per raccogliere fondi pubblici; il bambino rimane sulla sedia a rotelle mentre il professore se ne va al congresso in Brasile con i vostri soldi.

Tutti ci perdono, gli animali la vita, il bambino sulla sedia a rotelle la possibilità di guarire, tu i soldi... solo uno guadagna... il vivisettore della porta accanto.

Esamina le pagine del protocollo originale: Pagina 1 - Pagina 2 - Pagina 3 - Pagina 4 - Pagina 5

Tratto da "Gli esperimenti più truffaldini", sito Laboratori criminali

Esperimenti fatti dalla signora Montalcini, dai suoi amici e da ricercatori del Rita Levi Montalcini Centre for Brain Repair

Questo e' un elenco parziale:

1. ALOE L, TUVE RIMA, LEVI-MONTALCINI R, Studies on carrageenan-induced arthritis in adult rats: presence of nerve growth factor and role of sympathetic innervation., Rheumatol. Int., 1992, 12: 213-216

3. ALOE L, TUVERI MA, LEVI-MONTALCINI R., Nerve growth factor and the distribution of mast cells in the synovium of adult rats., Clin. Exp. Rheum., 1992, 10: 203-204

8. ALOE L, PROBERT L, KOLLIAS G, BRACCI-LAUDIERO L, SPILLANTINI MG, LEVI-MONTALCINI R., The synovium of transgenic arthritic mice expressing human tumor necrosis factor contains high level of nerve growth factor., Growth Factor, 1993, 9: 149-155 J Comp Neurol 2001 Jan 29;430(1):101-17 Related Articles, Links Click here to read Evolution of the Purkinje cell response to injury and regenerative potential during postnatal development of the rat cerebellum.

Gianola S, Rossi F. Department of Neuroscience and Rita Levi Montalcini Centre for Brain Repair, University of Turin, I-10125 Turin, Italy.

To understand the mechanisms leading to the progressive loss of intrinsic neuronal growth properties during central nervous system development, we have investigated the evolution of the response to injury and regenerative potential of immature Purkinje cells, axotomized at different postnatal ages from postnatal day (P)3 to P12. In adult rodents, these neurons are characterised by a weak cell body response to axotomy, which is associated with a remarkable resistance to injury and a poor regenerative capability. During the first postnatal week, Purkinje cells are strongly sensitive to injury and massively degenerate within a few days. Immature Purkinje cells react to neurite transection by a strong upregulation of c-Jun, accompanied by a moderate, but consistent, expression of the growth-associate d protein (GAP)-43. In contrast, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide monophosphate (NADPH)-diaphorase reactivity, which can be activated by adult Purkinje neurons, is not modified in their juvenile counterparts. The severed Purkinje axons show a vigorous regenerative sprouting both into the lesioned cerebellar environment and into embryonic neocortical tissue transplanted into the injury site. The typical adult features of the response to injury progressively develop during the second postnatal week, when the injured neurons acquire resistance, cell body changes become milder, the regenerative potential declines, and the severed axons undergo characteristic morphological modifications, including torpedoes and the hypertrophy of recurrent collateral branches. This complete reversal of the features and the outcome of the Purkinje cell reaction to axotomy likely results from the profound changes that occur in the maturing Purkinje cells and/or in their microenvironment during this phase of cerebellar development. Copyright 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

PMID: 11135248 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Table of Contents
Foreword

PART I. EXPERIMENTAL NEUROEMBRYOLOGY IN THE FIRST HALF OF THIS CENTURY: PERSONAL CONTRIBUTIONS
Levi-Montalcini R.
Levi G.

1. Les consequences de la destruction d'un territoire d'innervation peripherique sur le development des centres nerveux correspondants dans l'embryon de poulet Arch. Biol. LIII,
Levi-Montalcini R.

2. The origin and development of the visceral system in the spinal cord of the chick embryo J. Morphol. 86,
Levi-Montalcini R.

3. Events in the developing nervous system. In Progress in Brain Research, Vol. 4, Growth and Maturation of the Brain D.P. Purpura and J.P. Schade eds., PART II. DISCOVERY OF THE NERVE GROWTH FACTOR (NGF): ITS CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION, MULTIPLE SOURCES AND EFFECTS
Levi-Montalcini
R. Hamburger

4. Selective growth-stimulating effects of mouse sarcoma on the sensory and sympathetic nervous system of the chick embryo J. Exp. Zool. 116,
Levi Montalcini R.

5. Effects of mouse tumor transplantation on the nervous system. In The Chick Embryo in Biological Research, D.A. Karnofsky ed. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 55,
Levi-Montalcini R.

6. In vivo and in vitro experiments on the effect of mouse sarcoma 180 and 37 on the sensory and sympathetic system of the chick embryo Proc. XIV Int. Congress of Zool., Copenhagen, p.
Levi-Montalcini
R. Meyer
H. Hamburger

7. In vitro experiments on the effects of mouse sarcomas 180 and 37 on the spinal and sympathetic ganglia of the chick embryo Cancer Research 14,
Cohen S.
Levi-Montalcini R.
H.Hamburger

8. A nerve growth-stimulating factor isolated from sarcomas 37 and 180 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 40,
Levi Montalcini
R. Cohen S.

9. In vitro and in vivo effects of a nerve growth stimulating agent isolated from snake venom Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 42,0 D
Levi-Montalcini
R. Booker B.

10. Excessive growth of the sympatheticganglia evoked by a protein isolated frombmouse salivary glands Proc. Natl. Acad.
Sci. USA 46,
Levi-Montalcini
R. Booker B.

11. Destruction of the sympathetic ganglia in mammals by an antiserum to a nerve growth protein Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 46,
Levi-Montalcini
R. Angeletti P. U.

12. Essential role of the nerve growth factor in the survival and maintenance of dissociated sensory and sympathetic embryonic nerve cells in vitro Dev. Biol. 7, (1963)
Levi-Montalcini R.

13. Growth control of nerve cells by a protein factor and its antiserum Science 143,
Angeletti P. U.
Levi-Montalcini R.
Caramia F.

14. Ultrastructural changes in sympathetic neurons of newborn and adult mice treated with nerve growth factor J. Ultrastruc. Res. 36,
Levi-Montalcini
R. Caramia
F. Angeletti P. U.0A

15. Alterations in the fine structure of nucleoli in sympathetic neurons following NGF-antiserum treatment Brain Res. 12,
Levi-Montalcini R.
Angeletti P. U.

16. H. Immunosympathectomy Pharmacol. Rev. 18,
Angeletti P. U.
Levi-Montalcini R.

17. Growth regulation of sympathetic nervous system: immunosympathectomy and chemical sympathectomy Eur. J. Clin. Biol. Res. XVI, Levi-Montalcini R. Angeletti P. U.

18. The action of nerve growth factor on sensory and sympathetic cells in R.L. Dehaan and H. Ursprung eds. Organogenesis, (1965)
Levi-Montalcini R.

19. Biological aspects of specific growth promoting factors Proc. of the Royal Society of Medicine 585,
Levi-Montalcini R.
Angeletti P. U.

20. Nerve growth factor Physiol. Rev. 48, Thoenen H. Angeletti P. U.
Levi-Montalcini R. Kettler R. 21. Selective induction by Nerve Growth Factor of tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine XXX hydroxylase in the rat superior cervical ganglia Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 68,
Angeletti R. H.
Angeletti P. U.
Levi-Montalcini R.

22. Selective accumulation of [121] labelled nerve growth factor in sympathetic ganglia Brain Res. 46, PART III. WIDENING OF THE NGF SPECTRUM OF ACTION
Levi-Montalcini R. Aloe

23. Tropic, trophic, and transforming effects of nerve growth factor Histochem. Cell Biol. of Auton. Neurons., SIF Cells, and Paraneurons, ed. Eranko et al.,
Calissano
P. Cattaneo
A. Biocca
S. Luigi
A. Mercanti
Levi-Montalcini R.

24. The nerve growth factor, established findings and controversial aspects Exp. Cell Res. 154,
Aloe
Levi-Montalcini R.

25. Mast cells increase in tissues of neonatal rats injected with the nerve growth factor Brain Res. 133,
Levi-Montalcini R.
Calissano P.

26. The nerve growth factor Sci. Amer. 240, 0D
Aloe
Cozzari
Calissano P.
Levi-Montalcini R.

27. Somatic and behavioural postnatal effects of fetal injections of nerve growth factor antibodies in the rat Nature 291,
Levi-Montalcini
R. Aloe

28. Differentiating effects of murine nerve growth factor in the peripheral and central nervous systems of Xenopus laevis tadpoles Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82, (1985)
Aloe
Alleva E.
Bohm A.
Levi-Montalcini R.

29. Aggressive behavior induces release of nerve growth factor from mouse salivary gland into the bloodstream Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83,
Spillantini M. G.
Aloe Alleva E.
De Simone R.
Goedert
Levi-Montalcini R.

30. Nerve growth factor mRNA and protein increase in hypothalamus in a mouse model of aggression Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86,
Levi-Montalcini R.
Calissano P.

31. Nerve growth factor as a paradigm for other polypep tide growth factors TINS
Levi-Montalcini R.

32. The nerve growth factor: 35 years later, in: The Nobel Lecture Science 237, PART IV. THE MODULATORY ROLE OF NGF IN HOMEOSTATIC PROCESSES IN THE NEURO-ENDOCRINE-IMMUNE TRIAD
Levi Montalcini R.
Aloe
Alleva E.

33. A role for nerve growth factor in nervous, endocrine and immune systems Prog. Neuroendocrinimmunol. 3,
Aloe
Tuveri M. A.
Levi-Montalcini R.

34. Nerve growth factor and distribution of mast cells in the synovium of adult rats Clin. Exp. Rheumatol. 10,
Aloe
Tuveri M. A.
Carcassi U.
Levi-Montalcini R.

35. Nerve growth factor in the synovial fluid of patients with chronic arthritis Arthritis and Rheumatism 35, 3,
Aloe
Tuveri M. A.
Levi-Montalcini R.

36. Studies on carrageenan-induced arthritis in adult rats: Presence of nerve growth factor and role of sympathetic innervation Rheumatol. Int. 12,
Bracci-Laudiero
Aloe
Levi Montalcini
R. Buttinelli
Schilter Gillessen S.
Otten U.

37. Multiple sclerosis patients express increased levels of XXX-nerve growth factor in cerebrospinal fluid Neurosci. Lett. 147,
Aloe
Probert Kollias G.
Bracci-Laudiero
Micera A.
Mollinari
Levi-Montalcini R.

38. Level of nerve growth factor and distribution of mast cells in the synovium of tumour necrosis factor transgenic arthritic mice Int. J. Tiss. Reac. XV(4), (1993)
Aloe
Probert Kollias G.
Bracci-Laudiero
Spillantini M. G.
Levi-Montalcini R.

39. The synovium of transgenic arthritic mice expressing human Tumor Necrosis Factor contains a high level o