X-37
Future-X
![](x_planes/X-37.jpg) Specifications Company- Boeing Phantom Works Type- Orbital Research Vehicle.
Goals- Experimental
flight vehicle which will integrate and test earth-to-orbit and
orbit-to-orbit reusable space transportation technologies. Designed to
be modular to allow for rapid insertion of technologies and experiments.
Primary Testing Facility
Research- Edwards AFB (Mojave Spaceport) & Air Force Plant 42 Dimensions-
Span- 15 ft, 0 in; Length- 27 ft, 6 in; Height- 9 ft, 0.5 in Max Speed-
Mach 25 Range- N/A Service Ceiling- N/A Power Plant- One
Rocketdyne AR2-3 liquid-fueled rocket engine Thrust- 6,580 lbf Weights-
Loaded: 12,000 lbs Payload- None Flights-
6 Number of Prototypes Built- 1 Project Tenure-
2005- Ongoing Project Status- Ongoing Information
The Boeing X-37 Advanced Technology Demonstrator is
a demonstration spaceplane that is intended to test future launch
technologies while in orbit and during atmospheric reentry. It is a
reusable robotic spacecraft that is a 120%-scaled derivative of the
X-40A. It flew its first flight as a drop test on April 7, 2006 at
Edwards AFB.
In 1999, NASA selected the Boeing Integrated
Defense Systems to design and develop the vehicle, which was built by
the California branch of Boeing's Phantom Works.
The X-37 was transferred from NASA to the Defense
Advanced Research Projects Agency on September 13, 2004. The program has
become a classified project, though it is not known whether DARPA will
maintain this status for the project. NASA's spaceflight program will be
centered around the Crew Exploration Vehicle, while DARPA will promote
the X-37 as part of the independent space policy which the Department of
Defense has pursued since the Challenger disaster.
This vehicle has the potential to become America's
first operational military space plane, after the cancellation of Dyna-Soar.
It is expected to operate in a velocity range of up to Mach 25. Among
the technologies to be demonstrated with the X-37 are improved thermal
protection systems, avionics, the autonomous guidance system, and an
advanced airframe. The on-board engine is the Rocketdyne AR-2/3, which
is fueled by hydrogen peroxide and JP-8.
The X-37 was originally designed to be carried into
orbit in the space shuttle cargo bay, but underwent redesign for launch
on a Delta IV or comparable rocket, when it was determined a shuttle
flight would be uneconomical.
The vehicle currently operating is an atmospheric
drop test vehicle. It has no propulsion system, and where the payload
bay doors of an operational vehicle would be, it has a fixed strongback
structure instead, to allow it to be mated with a mothership. Also, most
of the thermal protection tiles are fake, made of inexpensive foam,
rather than ceramic. (Certain tiles in key areas are genuine, as are the
TPS blankets in areas where heating is not severe enough to require
tiles.)
On September 2, 2004 it was reported that, for its
initial atmospheric drop tests, the X-37 would be launched from the
Scaled Composites White Knight, a high-altitude research aircraft better
known for launching Scaled's SpaceShipOne.
On June 21, 2005 the X-37 completed a
"captive-carry" flight underneath the White Knight at Mojave Spaceport,
Mojave, California.
Through the second half of 2005, the X-37 underwent
structural upgrades including "beefing-up" of the nose-wheel supports.
Further captive-carry flight tests and the first drop-test were expected
mid-February 2006.
March 10, 2006 was scheduled for X-37's public
debut�first free-flight, to be broadcast live on NASA TV. However, an
arctic storm covered the area, dropping snow on the Mojave. X-37
remained in the airport's Hangar 77, with an occasional engineer popping
out onto the flightline to snap pics of the snow. (from Alan Radecki's
Mojave photo weblog).
The next attempt at a flight, on March 15, 2006,
was cancelled due to high winds. (again from The Mojave photo weblog).
March 24, 2006: Although the X-37 flies, datalink
failure prevents the free-flight and the vehicle returns to the ground
still docked with the White Knight carrier.
April 7, 2006: The X-37 makes its first free
flight. During landing, however, an "anomaly" caused the vehicle to run
off the runway, sustaining minor damage.
Following an extended down time while the vehicle
was repaired, the program moved from Mojave to Air Force Plant 42 (KPMD)
in Palmdale, California for the remainder of the flight test program.
White Knight continued to be based at Mojave, but would ferry over to
Plant 42 when flights were scheduled. Five additional flights were
performed, at least one of which is believed to have been a freeflight
with a successful landing.
On November 17, 2006: Space.com reported that "The
U.S. Air Force announced today that it is developing an Orbital Test
Vehicle (OTV), based on the design of a NASA X-37 craft. It is to be
designated as the X-37B Orbital Test Vehicle." First flight is scheduled
for fiscal year 2008, launching on an Atlas V launch vehicle from Cape
Canaveral. The new OTV effort dovetails off of industry and government
investments by Air Force, NASA and DARPA.
The OTV effort will be led by the Air Force Rapid
Capabilities Office and includes partnerships with NASA and the Air
Force Research Laboratory. Boeing is the prime contractor for the OTV
program.
According to a statement from the Secretary of the
Air Force, the OTV program will focus on "risk reduction,
experimentation, and operational concept development for reusable space
vehicle technologies, in support of long term developmental space
objectives."
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